Streptanthus carinatus |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
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lyreleaf jewelflower |
milkwort jewelflower |
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Habit | Annuals or biennials; (glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | ||||
Stems | branched basally and/or distally, (2.1–)3–6.5(–7.5) dm. |
unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
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Basal leaves | rosulate; petiolate; blade pinnatifid or oblanceolate, 3.5–15(–30) cm, margins runcinate-pinnatifid, dentate, or entire. |
(soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
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Cauline leaves | blade ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–14 cm × 4–55 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate to amplexicaul, margins runcinate-pinnatifid, dentate, or entire (usually entire distally). |
blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
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Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate, (lax). |
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Flowers | calyx urceolate or campanulate; sepals purple, or ochroleucous to yellowish, 8–11 mm, keeled; petals white (with purplish veins) or purple (with white margins, recurved), 14–18 mm, blade 5–8 × 1–1.5 mm, margins crisped, claw 9–12 mm, about as wide as blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments (distinct): abaxial pair 6–10 mm, lateral pair 4–7 mm, adaxial pair (exserted), 9–12 mm; anthers (all) fertile, 4–5 mm; gynophore 0.5–2 mm. |
(markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, (straight or curved upward), 7–22(–35) mm. |
strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
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Fruits | ascending, smooth, straight, strongly flattened, 3–8 cm × 4.5–6 mm; valves each with obscure midvein; replum straight; ovules 26–54 per ovary; style 0.5–2 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed. |
pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
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Seeds | orbicular, 3–5 mm diam.; wing 0.6–1.1 mm wide, continuous. |
oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
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Streptanthus carinatus |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
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CA
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). A. R. Kruckeberg et al. (1982) presented evidence for hybridization between subsp. carinatus and subsp. arizonicus, and showed that the lighter flower color in the latter correlates with degree of leaf division. Within the range of Streptanthus carinatus, four color forms are known: purple, white, ochroleucous, and yellow. Variability in petal color does not correlate with geography or habitat, and flowers are often poorly preserved on herbarium specimens, making it unclear whether the color forms are allopatric. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 708. | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Disaccanthus carinatus | Microsemia polygaloides | ||||
Name authority | C. Wright ex A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 11. (1853) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | ||||
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