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southern jewel flower

heart-leaf twist-flower, heartleaf jewelflower

Habit Perennials; (short-lived, caudex not woody); usually glabrous, (basal leaf blade margins pubescent, sometimes sepals). Perennials; (caudex simple or few-branched); (glaucous), usually glabrous, (petioles of basal leaves pubescent, sometimes sepals).
Stems

unbranched or branched, (few, glaucous), 6–15(–18) dm.

unbranched or branched, (1–)3–9(–11) dm.

Basal leaves

often rosulate; petiolate;

blade (fleshy), oblanceolate to obovate, 3.5–21 cm, margins dentate, (bristly ciliate throughout or only teeth and petiole ciliate).

rosulate; petiolate (petioles broadly winged, setose-ciliate);

blade usually spatulate to obovate, rarely narrowly oblanceolate, 1.5–8(–11) cm, margins dentate (at least distally).

Cauline leaves

blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3.5–11(–15) cm × 6–14 mm (smaller distally), base auriculate to amplexicaul, margins usually entire or undulate, rarely dentate.

blade broadly oblong to ovate, suborbicular, or lanceolate, 2–9 cm × 7–45(–60) mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate to amplexicaul, margins entire or toothed, (apex rounded, obtuse, or acuminate to acute).

Racemes

ebracteate, (with densely clustered buds, later lax).

ebracteate, (lax).

Flowers

calyx campanulate;

sepals (suberect), purple, (broadly ovate or oblong), 7–10 mm, not keeled, (apically bristly or not);

petals light purple (with pale yellow claw), 9–12 mm, blade 2–3.5 × 0.5–1 mm, margins not crisped, claw 6–9 mm, wider than blade;

stamens tetradynamous;

filaments: median pairs (distinct), 6–8 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm;

anthers (all) fertile, 3–4 mm;

gynophore 0.5–1.5 mm.

calyx campanulate;

sepals greenish brown to purple, (broadly oblong), 5–12 mm, (lateral pair subsaccate basally), not keeled, (glabrous or subapically bristly);

petals purple to brownish, (claw purplish), 9–15 mm, blade 2–6 × 0.7–1 mm, (recurved or not), margins not crisped, claw 7–10 mm, wider than blade;

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments (distinct): abaxial pair 5–7 mm, lateral pair 4–5 mm, adaxial pair 7.5–10 mm;

anthers (all) fertile, 2.5–5 mm;

gynophore 0.5–1.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate-ascending, (straight), 5–18 mm.

divaricate-ascending, (straight), 3–11(–14) mm.

Fruits

spreading to ascending, smooth, slightly curved to straight, flattened, 6–14 cm × 2–3.5 mm;

valves each with obscure midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 50–102 per ovary;

style 1–3 mm;

stigma 2-lobed.

ascending to divaricate-ascending, smooth, straight, flattened, 5–10.5(–14.5) cm × (2.5–)3–6(–7) mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 20–38(–46) per ovary;

style 0.2–3 mm;

stigma subentire to strongly 2-lobed.

Seeds

oblong, 2–3 × 1.4–2 mm;

wing 0.1–0.2 mm wide at apex.

broadly oblong to suborbicular, 2.5–5 × 2.2–5 mm;

wing 0.1–0.9 mm wide, continuous.

Streptanthus campestris

Streptanthus cordatus

Phenology Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Rocky openings in chaparral, open conifer forests, openings and after fires in chaparral-oak woodlands
Elevation 900-2300 m (3000-7500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Streptanthus campestris is distributed in California in Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties, and in Baja California in Sierra San Pedro Mártir and Sierra Juárez.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Streptanthus cordatus is the most widespread species in the genus. It is highly variable in the shape and size of basal and cauline leaves, flower size, pedicel length, fruit length and width, style length, stigma lobing, seed shape and size, and width of the seed wing. The variation is continuous in almost every character, especially fruit width. R. E. Buck et al. (1993) indicated that in var. cordatus the fruits are more than 5 mm wide and in the Californian var. duranii they are less than 3 mm wide. One sporadically finds throughout the range of var. cordatus plants with mature fruits 2.5–3 mm wide. Such narrow-fruited forms are found in central Nevada (Beatley 6037, DS), Oregon (Howell 28719, CAS), Utah (Goodman 1877, MO), and Wyoming (Rollins & Muñoz 2876, GH).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf blades obovate to spatulate, apices obtuse or rounded; cauline leaf blades broadly oblong to ovate or suborbicular, apices rounded to obtuse.
var. cordatus
1. Basal leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate, apices acuminate; cauline leaf blades lanH:ceolate, apices acuminate or acute.
var. piutensis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 707. FNA vol. 7, p. 708.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus
Sibling taxa
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
Subordinate taxa
S. cordatus var. cordatus, S. cordatus var. piutensis
Synonyms Cartiera cordata, Erysimum cordatum, Euklisia cordata
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 125. (1890) Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 77. (1838)
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