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Mojave stillingia, Mojave toothleaf, tooth leaf

Texas queen's-delight, Texas stillingia, Texas toothleaf

Habit Herbs, perennial, with thick taproot. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, with woody caudex.
Stems

fascicled, erect, branching scattered proximally and crowded distally, (1.4–)2–3.5(–4) dm.

solitary or fascicled, erect, mostly unbranched, 1.5–4.5(–6) dm.

Leaves

alternate;

stipules absent;

petiole absent;

blade linear, 2–4(–6) × 0.1–0.3(–0.4) cm, base acute, margins entire or remotely denticulate, teeth without prominent blackened tips, not incurved, apex usually acute, rarely acuminate;

venation not prominent.

alternate;

stipules linear-lanceolate, to 1 mm;

petiole absent;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, (1–)3–6(–7) × 0.3–0.6(–1) cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins crenate-dentate, teeth with prominent blackened tips, not incurved, apex acute;

midvein prominent, especially proximally, secondary veins obscure.

Inflorescences

sessile or rarely short-pedunculate, 6–-7 cm;

staminate flowers crowded distally, 1 per node;

pistillate flowers 3–5, crowded;

bracts broadly ovate, to 1.5 mm, apex mucronulate or acuminate, glands patelliform, sessile, to 1.3 mm diam.

sessile, 3–9 cm;

staminate cymules crowded, 3–5-flowered;

pistillate flowers 3–4, crowded;

bracts broadly deltate, to 1 mm, apex acute, glands patelliform, sessile, 2 mm diam.

Staminate flowers

calyx to 1 mm.

calyx 1 mm.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 0;

styles connate only at base, to 4 mm.

sepals persistent, 3, well developed, elliptic;

styles connate 3/4 length, to 4 mm.

Capsules

oblate, 3 × 4 mm, deeply 3-lobed;

lobes of gynobase 1.5–2 mm;

columella persistent.

globose, 6–8 mm diam., shallowly 3-lobed;

lobes of gynobase 2–3 mm;

columella often persistent.

Seeds

brown, often mottled, ovoid, 2.3 × 1.3 mm, smooth;

caruncle minute.

gray, ellipsoid, 5 × 5 mm, smooth;

caruncle white, broadly crescent-shaped, 1 × 1.3–1.5 mm.

Stillingia paucidentata

Stillingia texana

Phenology Flowering Mar–May; fruiting May–Jun. Flowering late Apr–May(–Jul); fruiting Jun–Sep.
Habitat Sandy flats, dry slopes. Calcareous prairies, open uplands.
Elevation 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Stillingia paucidentata is widespread in the Mojave Desert and extends into the Sonoran Desert in central Riverside County. It was reported from Arizona by T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles (1942, 1960) solely on the basis of the type (Palmer 517), purportedly collected in 1876 in the “Colorado Valley, near mouth of Williams River.” R. McVaugh (1943b) and McVaugh and Kearney (1943) have cast doubt on whether a number of Palmer collections with labels indicating 1876 were actually made in Arizona; they did not discuss Palmer 517 specifically. There appear to be no other specimens or reports of this species from Arizona. Because S. paucidentata is known from numerous collections in eastern San Bernardino County, California, its presence in bordering areas of Arizona cannot be completely discounted.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Stillingia texana is widespread in central Texas, extending north to scattered locations in central Oklahoma.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 235. FNA vol. 12, p. 237.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Stillingia Euphorbiaceae > Stillingia
Sibling taxa
S. aquatica, S. linearifolia, S. spinulosa, S. sylvatica, S. texana, S. treculiana
S. aquatica, S. linearifolia, S. paucidentata, S. spinulosa, S. sylvatica, S. treculiana
Synonyms Sapium sylvaticum var. linearifolium, S. sylvatica var. linearifolia
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 298. (1879) I. M. Johnston: Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 91. (1923)
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