Stenanthium occidentale |
Stenanthium |
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bronze-bells, mountain-bells, western featherbells, western stenanthium |
featherbells |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, from tunicate bulbs and reduced rhizomes; roots fibrous. | |||||
Bulbs | ovoid, 2–4 cm. |
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Stems | 1.5–4.5(–6) dm. |
simple, mostly with 2–3 reduced bracts, glabrous. |
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Leaves | several, mostly proximal; blade linear to oblanceolate, weakly keeled, 15–30 × 0.6–2.5 cm, apex acute. |
mostly basal, reduced distally, spiral, arching downward, sheathing proximally; blade narrowly linear to oblanceolate, strap-shaped, glabrous, apex acuminate or obtuse. |
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Inflorescences | racemose and 3–6-flowered or paniculate and to 25-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 6–10 mm. |
terminal, racemose or paniculate, open, bracteate, glabrous. |
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Flowers | drooping; perianth narrowly tubular-campanulate; tepals recurved distally, greenish to brownish purple, oblong-lanceolate, 10–20 mm, apex gradually acuminate; tepal glands present; stamens 7–8 mm; filaments subequal; pedicel ascending to erect, 1–3 cm. |
proximalmost usually bisexual, distalmost staminate; perianth tubular-campanulate or rotate; tepals persistent, 6, distinct or weakly connate basally, glandular or not, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, equal to subequal, apex acute to acuminate; claws absent; tepal glands, when present, 2-lobed, adaxial; stamens 6, distinct or connate basally, equal or subequal; filaments lanceolate; anthers basifixed, 1-locular, obcordate-reniform; pollen sacs apically confluent, extrorse, opening into peltate disc; ovary superior to half-inferior, 3-locular proximally, 1-locular distal to ovules; septal nectaries absent; styles persistent, 3, spreading to recurved, distinct; stigmas minute. |
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Fruits | capsular, deeply 3-lobed, membranous, slenderly 3-beaked, dehiscence septicidal, then adaxially loculicidal. |
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Capsules | lanceoloid, 12–16 mm including slender style beaks, apex gradually acuminate. |
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Seeds | brownish black, narrowly oblong, 3–4 mm. |
3–4 per locule, brown to brownish black, narrowly oblong or ellipsoid to lanceoloid, flat, angled to winged. |
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x | = 8, 10. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Stenanthium occidentale |
Stenanthium |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–mid summer. | |||||
Habitat | Wet cliffs, rocky crevices, montane meadows, mossy scree | |||||
Elevation | 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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North America (including Mexico); e Asia |
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Discussion | Stenanthium occidentale is similar to a circum-northern Pacific and Sakhalin Island endemic, S. sachalinense F. Schmidt, which may be conspecific (S. M. Kupchan et al. 1961; F. H. Utech 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 4 (2 in the flora). The species of Stenanthium other than S. gramineum have at times been transferred to the segregate genus Stenanthella based on their racemose inflorescences, darker, campanulate flowers, and apically recurved tepals, leaving a monotypic Stenanthium with paniculate inflorescences, lighter colored, rotate flowers, and spreading tepals (P. A. Rydberg 1900). These differences are not sufficiently constant, however, to warrant the generic distinction (F. H. Utech 1987, 1987b). Among the melanthioid genera, Stenanthium shows greatest morphological similarities to Zigadenus Michaux (J. D. Ambrose 1975, 1980; S. J. Preece 1956; W. B. Zomlefer 1997b; W. B. Zomlefer et al. 2001). Stenathium gramineum and S. occidentale are occasionally cultivated as garden ornamentals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 89. | FNA vol. 26, p. 88. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Stenanthium | Liliaceae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Stenanthella occidentalis, S. rhombipetalum | Veratrum subg. S., Stenanthella | ||||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 405. (1873) | (A. Gray) Kunth: Enum. Pl. 4: 189. (1843) | ||||
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