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lesser chickweed, pale starwort

fleshy starwort, thick-leaf starwort, thickleaf chickweed

Habit Plants annual, usually yellowish green, with slender taproot. Plants perennial, delicate, forming small to large tangled mats or straggling through grass, from slender rhizomes.
Stems

prostrate, much-branched, 4-sided, usually 10–20(–40) cm, glabrous, with single line of hairs along each internode.

diffusely branched, 4-angled, 3–30 cm, glabrous.

Leaves

petiolate (proximal) or sessile (distal);

blade ovate to elliptic, usually 0.3–1.5 cm × 1–7 mm, base round to cuneate, margins entire, apex shortly acuminate, glabrous or with few cilia on margins and abaxial midrib.

sessile or subsessile;

blade with midrib obscure, broadly elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, widest at or above middle, 0.2–0.8(–1.5) cm × to 2 mm, ± succulent, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous;

leaf blades in terminal buds sometimes become fleshy and form gemmae.

Inflorescences

terminal, 3–35-flowered cymes;

bracts lanceolate, 2–10 mm, herbaceous, margins entire.

with flowers usually solitary, terminal and in axils of distal leaves forming open, diffuse cymes;

bracts foliaceous, 1–10 mm; 1 or 2 pairs of bracteoles sometimes present, 1–3 mm, herbaceous or with narrow membranous margins.

Pedicels

spreading, sometimes deflexed at base in fruit, 1–10 mm, pubescent.

erect or sharply angled at base, becoming sharply curved at apex, 3–40 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

2–3 mm diam.;

sepals 4–5, veins obscure, midrib sometimes present, lanceolate, 3–4 mm, margins narrow, herbaceous, apex acute, pubescent;

petals usually absent;

stamens 1–3 or absent;

anthers gray-violet;

styles 3, ascending, becoming curled, 0.2–0.5 mm.

5–8 mm;

sepals 5, 3-veined, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 3–3.5(–4) mm, margins straight, narrow, scarious, apex acute, glabrous or rarely margins pubescent;

petals 5, 2.5–5 mm, equaling to slightly longer than sepals;

stamens 5 or 10;

styles 3, ascending, curved at tip, ca. 2 mm.

Capsules

pale straw colored, ovoid, 2–4(–5) mm, equaling to slightly longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves, outwardly curled at tip;

carpophore absent.

straw colored, conic to ellipsoid, 4–5 mm, longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves;

carpophore absent.

Seeds

pale yellowish brown, reniform to round, 0.5–0.9 mm diam., tuberculate;

tubercles prominent, broader than tall, apex obtuse.

reddish brown, reniform to round, 0.7–1 mm diam., rugose.

2n

= 22.

= 26.

Stellaria pallida

Stellaria crassifolia

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering early summer.
Habitat Dunes, sandy waste places, rest areas on interstate highways Marshes, streams, cold, wet, grassy places
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MO; NC; NE; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; WV; ON; Mexico; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; IL; MI; MN; ND; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Stellaria pallida is automatically self-pollinated and often cleistogamous. It usually can be distinguished from apetalous forms of S. media by its smaller size, yellowish green color, its small sepals and small, pale seeds. Also the base and tip of the sepals occasionally are dark-red pigmented.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The sterile shoots of Stellaria crassifolia (described as forma gemmificans Norman) form fleshy terminal buds under suitable conditions of temperature and day length. These propagules survive under the snow and are readily dispersed in the spring runoff.

Leaf shape and size vary considerably. Leaves tend to be smaller and wider in exposed habitats, and longer and narrower in sheltered, more favorable habitats. Plants with pubescent margins to the sepals are referable to var. eriocalycina Schischk.

Stellaria crassifolia is often confused with S. humifusa, but the former is a much more slender, delicate species with long pedicels that are sharply angled below the capsule.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 111. FNA vol. 5, p. 103.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria
Sibling taxa
S. alaskana, S. alsine, S. americana, S. borealis, S. calycantha, S. corei, S. crassifolia, S. crispa, S. cuspidata, S. dicranoides, S. fontinalis, S. graminea, S. holostea, S. humifusa, S. irrigua, S. littoralis, S. longifolia, S. longipes, S. media, S. neglecta, S. nitens, S. obtusa, S. palustris, S. parva, S. porsildii, S. pubera, S. ruscifolia, S. umbellata
S. alaskana, S. alsine, S. americana, S. borealis, S. calycantha, S. corei, S. crispa, S. cuspidata, S. dicranoides, S. fontinalis, S. graminea, S. holostea, S. humifusa, S. irrigua, S. littoralis, S. longifolia, S. longipes, S. media, S. neglecta, S. nitens, S. obtusa, S. pallida, S. palustris, S. parva, S. porsildii, S. pubera, S. ruscifolia, S. umbellata
Synonyms Alsine pallida, S. boraeana, S. media subsp. pallida S. crassifolia var. eriocalycina, S. crassifolia var. linearis, S. gracilis
Name authority (Dumortier) Crépin: Man. Fl. Belgique ed. 2, 19. (1866) Ehrhart: Hannover. Mag. 8: 116. (1784)
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