Stellaria nitens |
Stellaria americana |
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shining chickweed, shining starwort, shiny chickweed, shiny starwort |
American chickweed, American starwort |
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Habit | Plants annual, from threadlike taproots. | Plants perennial, forming loose, prostrate mats, from rhizomatous rootstocks. |
Stems | erect, sparingly branched below inflorescence, 4-sided, 3–25 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
spreading, branched, very leafy, 4-angled, 10–20 cm, short glandular-puberulent on internodes. |
Leaves | sessile, crowded at base, shiny; blade oblanceolate to obovate and spatulate (proximal) or linear-lanceolate (distal), 0.5–1.5 cm × 0.5–2 mm, base round, apex acuminate, glabrous, often ciliate on margins. |
sessile; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, widest at or above middle, 8–30 × 2–13 mm, base round to cuneate, margins not scarious, apex usually obtuse, viscid. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 3–21-flowered (rarely more) cymes; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1–12 mm, scarious distally, herbaceous proximally, often ciliate on margins. |
terminal, 1–5-flowered, very leafy cymes; bracts foliaceous. |
Pedicels | ascending to erect, ± straight in fruit, 2–25 mm, glabrous. |
ca. 10 mm in flower, elongating, recurved, and tortuous in fruit, glandular-pubescent, pushing capsule into substrate. |
Flowers | 2–3 mm diam.; sepals 5, with 3 prominent, ridged veins, very narrowly lanceolate, to acicular, 2.8–4.2 mm, margins wide, scarious, apex acuminate, glabrous; petals 5 or absent, 1–3 mm, shorter than sepals, blade apex 2-lobed; stamens 3–5; styles 3, spreading, becoming curled, ca. 0.3 mm. |
5–10 mm; sepals 5, obscurely veined, ovate-obtuse, 3–5 mm, margins narrow, scarious, glandular-pubescent; petals 5, 4–6 mm; stamens 5; styles 3, ascending, equaling petals. |
Capsules | green or straw colored, narrowly ovoid, 2–3 mm, shorter than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 3 valves, splitting into 6; carpophore absent. |
green to straw colored, broadly ovoid to globose, 5–6 mm, apex obtuse, tardily dehiscent with 3 valves; carpophore absent. |
Seeds | brown, round, 0.5–0.7 mm diam., minutely tuberculate. |
3–6, rusty brown, ± ovate, ca. 2.5 mm diam., finely tuberculate. |
2n | = 20, 40. |
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Stellaria nitens |
Stellaria americana |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering late Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry, open habitats: sand dunes, stream banks, rocky outcrops, open woodlands, beneath boulders, disturbed areas | Rocky slopes, talus |
Elevation | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) | 1400-2800 m (4600-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC
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MT; AB |
Discussion | Stellaria americana is remarkable for its tortuous fruiting pedicels, which push the opening capsule with its small number of large seeds into the substrate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 110. | FNA vol. 5, p. 100. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. praecox | S. dichotoma var. americana, Alsine americana, Arenaria stephaniana var. americana |
Name authority | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 185. (1838) | (Porter ex B. L. Robinson) Standley: Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 336. (1921) |
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