Stellaria littoralis |
Stellaria neglecta |
|
---|---|---|
beach starwort, beach starwort or chickweed, shore chickweed |
common chickweed, greater chickweed |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, straggling to scandent, from elongate rhizomes. | Plants annual or winter annual, from slender taproot. |
Stems | ascending, often decumbent at base, branched, 4-sided, 10–60 cm, uniformly and softly pubescent. |
decumbent proximally, ascending distally, diffusely branched, 4-angled, to 80 cm, with single line of hairs along each internode. |
Leaves | sessile; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, widest proximal to middle, 1–4.5 cm × 4–20 mm, base round, margins densely ciliate, apex shortly acuminate, pubescent on both surfaces. |
petiolate (proximal and those on sterile shoots) or sessile (distal and mid stem); blade ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.5–4 cm × 2–18 mm, base round to cuneate, margins entire with few cilia at base, thin, apex acute to short-acuminate, ± glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–many-flowered, leafy cymes; bracts foliaceous, 4–40 mm, margins ciliate, not scarious. |
terminal, 9–many-flowered cymes; bracts ovate to lanceolate, 3–25 mm, reduced distally, herbaceous, sparsely ciliate on margins and underside. |
Pedicels | ascending to erect, straight, spreading to reflexed at base in fruit, 5–20 mm. |
erect, often becoming deflexed, 5–40 mm, pubescence a single line of hairs. |
Flowers | 9–10 mm diam.; sepals (4–)5, 3-veined, lanceolate, 2.8–5 mm, margins narrow, scarious, apex acuminate, ciliate-pubescent mainly on margins and veins; petals 5, 4–6 mm, equaling or slightly longer than sepals, blade apex deeply 2-fid; stamens 10; styles 3, ascending, ca. 1.5 mm. |
5–7 mm diam.; sepals 5, veins obscure, lanceolate, 5–6.5 mm, margins narrow, membranous, apex acute, pubescent; petals 5 (rarely absent), 2–5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepals; stamens 8–10; styles 3, ascending, outwardly curved, 0.5–1 mm. |
Capsules | green to straw colored, lanceoloid-ovoid, 5–6 mm, slightly longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 3, tardily 6, ascending valves; carpophore absent. |
green to straw colored, ovoid-oblong, 5–7 mm, ca. equaling sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 slightly recurved valves; caropohore absent. |
Seeds | reddish brown, broadly and obliquely ovate, ± 1 mm diam., minutely rugose. |
very dark brown when mature, round, 1.1–1.7 mm diam., tuberculate; tubercles conic, taller than broad, apex acute. |
2n | = 22. |
|
Stellaria littoralis |
Stellaria neglecta |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Marshy fields, marshes, coastal bluffs | Hedge banks, open woodlands, along streams, semishaded grassy places |
Elevation | less than 100 m (less than 300 ft) | 100-200 m (300-700 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
AR; CA; KY; LA; MD; NC; OK; TN; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Stellaria littoralis is very similar to S. dichotoma Linnaeus from China, the Russian Far East, and Siberia. It may be conspecific with the latter and may have been introduced into the San Francisco area in the early days of exploration of the Pacific coast. A more detailed study is warranted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Formerly, Stellaria neglecta was rare in North America, but during the last ten to 15 years it has spread rapidly and become weedy. It is very like larger forms of S. media (see note under that species), but usually differs in having larger flowers, sepals, and seeds; having a larger number of stamens; and having seeds with acute conic tubercles. Flowers are self-compatible but usually are pollinated by flies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 107. | FNA vol. 5, p. 110. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Alsine neglecta, S. media subsp. neglecta | |
Name authority | Torrey: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 69. (1857) | Weihe: in M. J. Bluff et al., Comp. Fl. German. 1: 560. (1825) |
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