Stellaria littoralis |
Stellaria americana |
|
---|---|---|
beach starwort, beach starwort or chickweed, shore chickweed |
American chickweed, American starwort |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, straggling to scandent, from elongate rhizomes. | Plants perennial, forming loose, prostrate mats, from rhizomatous rootstocks. |
Stems | ascending, often decumbent at base, branched, 4-sided, 10–60 cm, uniformly and softly pubescent. |
spreading, branched, very leafy, 4-angled, 10–20 cm, short glandular-puberulent on internodes. |
Leaves | sessile; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, widest proximal to middle, 1–4.5 cm × 4–20 mm, base round, margins densely ciliate, apex shortly acuminate, pubescent on both surfaces. |
sessile; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, widest at or above middle, 8–30 × 2–13 mm, base round to cuneate, margins not scarious, apex usually obtuse, viscid. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–many-flowered, leafy cymes; bracts foliaceous, 4–40 mm, margins ciliate, not scarious. |
terminal, 1–5-flowered, very leafy cymes; bracts foliaceous. |
Pedicels | ascending to erect, straight, spreading to reflexed at base in fruit, 5–20 mm. |
ca. 10 mm in flower, elongating, recurved, and tortuous in fruit, glandular-pubescent, pushing capsule into substrate. |
Flowers | 9–10 mm diam.; sepals (4–)5, 3-veined, lanceolate, 2.8–5 mm, margins narrow, scarious, apex acuminate, ciliate-pubescent mainly on margins and veins; petals 5, 4–6 mm, equaling or slightly longer than sepals, blade apex deeply 2-fid; stamens 10; styles 3, ascending, ca. 1.5 mm. |
5–10 mm; sepals 5, obscurely veined, ovate-obtuse, 3–5 mm, margins narrow, scarious, glandular-pubescent; petals 5, 4–6 mm; stamens 5; styles 3, ascending, equaling petals. |
Capsules | green to straw colored, lanceoloid-ovoid, 5–6 mm, slightly longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 3, tardily 6, ascending valves; carpophore absent. |
green to straw colored, broadly ovoid to globose, 5–6 mm, apex obtuse, tardily dehiscent with 3 valves; carpophore absent. |
Seeds | reddish brown, broadly and obliquely ovate, ± 1 mm diam., minutely rugose. |
3–6, rusty brown, ± ovate, ca. 2.5 mm diam., finely tuberculate. |
Stellaria littoralis |
Stellaria americana |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering late Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Marshy fields, marshes, coastal bluffs | Rocky slopes, talus |
Elevation | less than 100 m (less than 300 ft) | 1400-2800 m (4600-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
MT; AB |
Discussion | Stellaria littoralis is very similar to S. dichotoma Linnaeus from China, the Russian Far East, and Siberia. It may be conspecific with the latter and may have been introduced into the San Francisco area in the early days of exploration of the Pacific coast. A more detailed study is warranted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Stellaria americana is remarkable for its tortuous fruiting pedicels, which push the opening capsule with its small number of large seeds into the substrate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 107. | FNA vol. 5, p. 100. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. dichotoma var. americana, Alsine americana, Arenaria stephaniana var. americana | |
Name authority | Torrey: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 69. (1857) | (Porter ex B. L. Robinson) Standley: Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 336. (1921) |
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