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salt-marsh starwort, saltmarsh stitchwort

chickweed, common chickweed, common starwort, common stitchwort, mouron des oiseaux

Habit Plants perennial, forming small to large mats or clumps, from slender rhizomes. Plants annual or winter annual, green, with slender taproot.
Stems

decumbent, freely branched, square, 2–20 cm, glabrous, rooting at proximal nodes.

decumbent or ascending, diffusely branched, 4-sided, 5–40 cm, with single line of hairs along each internode.

Leaves

sessile;

blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 1–5 mm, succulent, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous or with few cilia along margins.

petiolate (proximal) or ± sessile (distal);

blade usually green, ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.5–4 cm × 2–20 mm, base round to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, ± glabrous or ciliate at base.

Inflorescences

with flowers solitary in axils of foliage leaves;

bracts absent.

terminal, 5–many-flowered cymes;

bracts ovate and shortly acuminate to lanceolate-acute, 1–40 mm, herbaceous.

Pedicels

ascending, straight or nearly so, usually 5–10(–30) mm, glabrous.

ascending, usually straight, deflexed at base in fruit, 3–40 mm, usually with line of hairs.

Flowers

ca. 10 mm diam.;

sepals 5, prominently 1–3-veined, lanceolate, 4–5 mm, margins convex, narrow, scarious, apex acute, glabrous;

petals 5, 4–6 mm, equaling sepals;

stamens 10;

styles 3, ascending and outwardly curved, 1–1.5 mm.

2–5 mm diam.;

sepals 5, with obscure midrib, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5(–6) mm, margins narrow, scarious, apex obtuse, usually glandular-hairy;

petals absent or 5, 1–4 mm, shorter than to equaling sepals;

stamens 3–5(–8);

anthers red-violet;

styles 3, outwardly curved, becoming curled, 0.5–1 mm.

Capsules

straw colored, ovoid, 4–5 mm, equaling sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves;

carpophore absent.

green to straw colored, ovoid-oblong, 3–5 mm, somewhat longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves;

carpophore absent.

Seeds

pale brown, broadly and obliquely reniform, 0.8–1 mm diam., smooth to slightly rugose.

reddish brown, broadly reniform to round, 0.9–1.3 mm diam., with obtuse, round, or flat-topped (broader than tall) tubercles.

2n

= 26.

= 40, 42, 44.

Stellaria humifusa

Stellaria media

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering year-round where climatic conditions permit.
Habitat Lake shores, beaches, marshes, salt marshes, mainly northern coastal Cultivated ground, waste places, open woodlands
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft) 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; ME; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; YT; SPM; Greenland; arctic Europe; Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Stellaria humifusa is often confused with S. crassifolia, but has thicker stems and fleshy leaves that wrinkle and tend to turn brownish when dried. Also, in S. crassifolia the long pedicels are very slender and sharply angled below the capsule.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Stellaria media, now a cosmopolitan weed, is a very polymorphic species, varying in size, habit, pubescence, petal length, stamen number, and seed size and surface detail.

The Stellaria media complex consists of three very similar and closely related species, S. media, S. neglecta, and S. pallida. They can almost always be distinguished by the characters given in the key, but in a few doubtful cases a chromosome count is desirable for positive identification. The problem arises from the considerable phenotypic variation which is displayed by S. media, and to a lesser extent by S. pallida. There is no evidence for gene exchange between these species. Stellaria pallida is autogamous and sometimes cleistogamous; S. media is both autogamous and occasionally cross-pollinated by flies; S. neglecta is usually cross-pollinated by flies but is self-compatible.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 106. FNA vol. 5, p. 109.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria
Sibling taxa
S. alaskana, S. alsine, S. americana, S. borealis, S. calycantha, S. corei, S. crassifolia, S. crispa, S. cuspidata, S. dicranoides, S. fontinalis, S. graminea, S. holostea, S. irrigua, S. littoralis, S. longifolia, S. longipes, S. media, S. neglecta, S. nitens, S. obtusa, S. pallida, S. palustris, S. parva, S. porsildii, S. pubera, S. ruscifolia, S. umbellata
S. alaskana, S. alsine, S. americana, S. borealis, S. calycantha, S. corei, S. crassifolia, S. crispa, S. cuspidata, S. dicranoides, S. fontinalis, S. graminea, S. holostea, S. humifusa, S. irrigua, S. littoralis, S. longifolia, S. longipes, S. neglecta, S. nitens, S. obtusa, S. pallida, S. palustris, S. parva, S. porsildii, S. pubera, S. ruscifolia, S. umbellata
Synonyms Alsine humifusa, S. humifusa var. marginata, S. humifusa var. oblongifolia, S. humifusa var. suberecta Alsine media, S. apetala, S. media var. procera
Name authority Rottbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 447, plate 4, fig. 14. (1770) (Linnaeus) Villars: Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 615. (1789)
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