Stellaria humifusa |
Stellaria media |
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salt-marsh starwort, saltmarsh stitchwort |
chickweed, common chickweed, common starwort, common stitchwort, mouron des oiseaux |
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Habit | Plants perennial, forming small to large mats or clumps, from slender rhizomes. | Plants annual or winter annual, green, with slender taproot. |
Stems | decumbent, freely branched, square, 2–20 cm, glabrous, rooting at proximal nodes. |
decumbent or ascending, diffusely branched, 4-sided, 5–40 cm, with single line of hairs along each internode. |
Leaves | sessile; blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 1–5 mm, succulent, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous or with few cilia along margins. |
petiolate (proximal) or ± sessile (distal); blade usually green, ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.5–4 cm × 2–20 mm, base round to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, ± glabrous or ciliate at base. |
Inflorescences | with flowers solitary in axils of foliage leaves; bracts absent. |
terminal, 5–many-flowered cymes; bracts ovate and shortly acuminate to lanceolate-acute, 1–40 mm, herbaceous. |
Pedicels | ascending, straight or nearly so, usually 5–10(–30) mm, glabrous. |
ascending, usually straight, deflexed at base in fruit, 3–40 mm, usually with line of hairs. |
Flowers | ca. 10 mm diam.; sepals 5, prominently 1–3-veined, lanceolate, 4–5 mm, margins convex, narrow, scarious, apex acute, glabrous; petals 5, 4–6 mm, equaling sepals; stamens 10; styles 3, ascending and outwardly curved, 1–1.5 mm. |
2–5 mm diam.; sepals 5, with obscure midrib, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5(–6) mm, margins narrow, scarious, apex obtuse, usually glandular-hairy; petals absent or 5, 1–4 mm, shorter than to equaling sepals; stamens 3–5(–8); anthers red-violet; styles 3, outwardly curved, becoming curled, 0.5–1 mm. |
Capsules | straw colored, ovoid, 4–5 mm, equaling sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves; carpophore absent. |
green to straw colored, ovoid-oblong, 3–5 mm, somewhat longer than sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 6 valves; carpophore absent. |
Seeds | pale brown, broadly and obliquely reniform, 0.8–1 mm diam., smooth to slightly rugose. |
reddish brown, broadly reniform to round, 0.9–1.3 mm diam., with obtuse, round, or flat-topped (broader than tall) tubercles. |
2n | = 26. |
= 40, 42, 44. |
Stellaria humifusa |
Stellaria media |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering year-round where climatic conditions permit. |
Habitat | Lake shores, beaches, marshes, salt marshes, mainly northern coastal | Cultivated ground, waste places, open woodlands |
Elevation | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; ME; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; YT; SPM; Greenland; arctic Europe; Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Stellaria humifusa is often confused with S. crassifolia, but has thicker stems and fleshy leaves that wrinkle and tend to turn brownish when dried. Also, in S. crassifolia the long pedicels are very slender and sharply angled below the capsule. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Stellaria media, now a cosmopolitan weed, is a very polymorphic species, varying in size, habit, pubescence, petal length, stamen number, and seed size and surface detail. The Stellaria media complex consists of three very similar and closely related species, S. media, S. neglecta, and S. pallida. They can almost always be distinguished by the characters given in the key, but in a few doubtful cases a chromosome count is desirable for positive identification. The problem arises from the considerable phenotypic variation which is displayed by S. media, and to a lesser extent by S. pallida. There is no evidence for gene exchange between these species. Stellaria pallida is autogamous and sometimes cleistogamous; S. media is both autogamous and occasionally cross-pollinated by flies; S. neglecta is usually cross-pollinated by flies but is self-compatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 106. | FNA vol. 5, p. 109. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Alsine humifusa, S. humifusa var. marginata, S. humifusa var. oblongifolia, S. humifusa var. suberecta | Alsine media, S. apetala, S. media var. procera |
Name authority | Rottbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 447, plate 4, fig. 14. (1770) | (Linnaeus) Villars: Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 615. (1789) |
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