Stellaria crispa |
Stellaria dicranoides |
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crisp sandwort, crisp starwort, crisped starwort, curled starwort, ruffled starwort |
Chamisso's starwort, Matted starwort |
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Habit | Plants perennial, forming small to large mats, from slender rhizomes. | Plants perennial, dioecious, forming dense cushions to 10 cm or more diam., with branching caudex, arising from taproot. |
Stems | trailing to ascending, branched, 4-angled, 10–60 cm, glabrous. |
branched, 4-angled, 1–4 cm, glabrous; branches erect or ascending, thickly clothed with marcescent leaves. |
Leaves | subsessile; blade broadly elliptic to ovate, 0.4–2.6 cm × 2–15 mm, base round to cuneate, margins entire, apex acuminate, glabrous or with a few scattered cilia. |
sessile; basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, 3–5 × 1–1.5 mm, succulent, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or abruptly acuminate to obtuse, glabrous; cauline shorter. |
Inflorescences | with flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracts absent. |
solitary-flowered in axils of foliage leaves; bract 1, foliaceous, ca. 1 mm. |
Pedicels | ascending, straight, mostly 5–30 mm, glabrous. |
1–5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | 4–5 mm; sepals 5, prominently 3-veined, lanceolate, 2–4 mm, margins broadly scarious, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous; petals usually absent, rarely 1–5 and much shorter than sepals; stamens 10 or fewer; styles 3, spreading to ascending, curved but not curled, ca. 1 mm. |
unisexual, 3–4 mm diam.; sepals 5, 3-veined, keeled, 2.5–3 mm, margins narrow, apex acute, glabrous or with sparse, short, glandular pubescence; petals absent; stamens 10, shorter than sepals; styles 3, erect, becoming outwardly curved, ca. 1 mm; staminate flowers with brownish, peglike, conspicuous nectaries alternating with and attached to base of stamens; pistillate flowers with well-developed but nonfunctional stamens and nectaries. |
Capsules | straw colored or brownish, ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 3.5–6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding sepals, apex broadly acute, opening by 6 valves; carpophore absent. |
straw colored, broadly ovoid, ca. 3 × 2 mm, ca. equaling sepals, apex obtuse, opening by 3 valves, each of which splits into 2; carpophore absent. |
Seeds | brown, broadly elliptic, 0.7–1 mm (longest axis), distinctly rugose. |
1, brown, broadly reniform with thickened rim, ca. 1.1 mm diam., finely verrucate. |
2n | = 26, 52. |
= 26. |
Stellaria crispa |
Stellaria dicranoides |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Wet soil in woods, shaded streambanks and shores | Arctic screes, fellfields, gravelly tundra, rocky knolls on wide variety of rock types |
Elevation | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) | 300-1700 m (1000-5600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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AK; YT; Asia (Russian Far East) |
Discussion | Stellaria dicranoides is of uncertain generic position. Many workers have placed it in the genus Arenaria. The absence of petals deprives us of a key character separating Stellaria from Arenaria. The ovate capsule with its three valves, each tardily dehiscent into two, suggests Arenaria or Minuartia. However, the chromosome number of 2n = 26 is more often associated with Stellaria. The single large seed, which fills the capsule, is unusual. In its floral structure, including its large nectaries and unisexual flowers, S. dicranoides closely resembles the European M. (Cherleria) sedoides (Linnaeus) Hiern. In fact, Chamisso, who first described this species, placed it in the genus Cherleria. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 104. | FNA vol. 5, p. 105. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Alsine crispa, S. borealis var. crispa | Cherleria dicranoides, Arenaria chamissonis, Arenaria dicranoides |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 51. (1826) | (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fenzl: in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 1: 395. (1842) |
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