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boreal starwort, boreal stitchwort, Sitka starwort

Habit Plants perennial, often matted, rhizomatous.
Stems

prostrate to ascending or erect, usually diffusely branched, sharply 4-angled, (5–)25–50 cm, glabrous to finely papillate, rarely pubescent.

Leaves

sessile;

blade linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic-lanceolate, 1–6 cm × 2–8 mm, base cuneate, margins eciliate or scabrid, sometimes ciliate towards base, apex acute.

Inflorescences

with flowers solitary, terminal and axillary, or terminal, often copious, very lax, leafy cymes;

bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, reduced distally to ca. 2 mm, ± scarious.

Pedicels

erect or patent, usually reflexed at maturity, 10–40 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

3–5 mm;

sepals 5, 1–3-veined, lanceolate to ovate, 2–5 mm, margins scarious, apex acute, glabrous;

petals 5, rarely absent, white or translucent, 1–3 mm, usually shorter than sepals;

stamens 5;

styles 3, erect to spreading, 0.9–2 mm.

Capsules

greenish brown or straw colored, ovoid, 3–7 mm, more than 1–1.5 times as long as broad, exceeding sepals, apex acute, opening by 3 valves;

carpophore very short or absent.

Seeds

10–20, brown, obovate, 0.7–0.9 mm on longest axis, smooth or slightly rugose.

2n

= 52.

Stellaria borealis

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Circumboreal
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Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Plants infected with an anther smut, Microbotyrum stellariae (Sowerby) G. Deml & Oberwinkler [Ustilago violacea (Persoon) Roussel, in the broad sense], exhibit flowers with enlarged, reddish anthers. This condition is known in both subspecies, especially in northern areas of the range, but is as yet unknown in Stellaria calycantha, a species previously united with S. borealis by some authors.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Sepals ovate to ovate-triangular, with midvein extending to near apex, lateral veins visible only at base; capsules dark brown, opaque, less than 2 times as long as wide, usually 3-4.5(-5) mm; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or linear-lanceolate, widest just below middle, usually 2-3 cm; circumboreal
subsp. borealis
1. Sepals narrowly triangular, with 3 prominent, ridged veins extending to near apex; capsule straw colored, translucent, 2 times as long as wide, usually 5-7 mm; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, widest near base, usually 3-6 cm; w North America
subsp. sitchana
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 100.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Stellaria
Sibling taxa
S. alaskana, S. alsine, S. americana, S. calycantha, S. corei, S. crassifolia, S. crispa, S. cuspidata, S. dicranoides, S. fontinalis, S. graminea, S. holostea, S. humifusa, S. irrigua, S. littoralis, S. longifolia, S. longipes, S. media, S. neglecta, S. nitens, S. obtusa, S. pallida, S. palustris, S. parva, S. porsildii, S. pubera, S. ruscifolia, S. umbellata
Subordinate taxa
S. borealis subsp. borealis, S. borealis subsp. sitchana
Synonyms Alsine borealis
Name authority Bigelow: Fl. Boston. ed. 2, 182. (1824)
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