FNA: Staphylea bolanderi vs. Staphyleaceae

	Staphylea bolanderi	Staphyleaceae
	bladdernut, Sierra bladdernut	bladdernut family
Habit	Plants 2–6 m. Leaves: leaflet blades widely ovate to widely elliptic or ± round, (2–)2.5–8(–15) cm, margins crenulate-serrulate, apex short-acuminate to apiculate, glabrous.	Shrubs, rarely trees.
Stems		branched [single].
Leaves		deciduous [persistent], cauline, opposite, usually ternate [odd-pinnate, 1-foliolate]; stipules caducous, extrapetiolar [intrapetiolar], distinct [connate]; petiole present; blade herbaceous, margins serrulate to serrate or crenulate-serrulate; leaflets: articulations or petiolule bases with 2 glands or stipels.
Inflorescences		terminal [axillary], thyrses, drooping.
Flowers	cylindro-campanulate; sepals white, 5–7(–9) mm; petals narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, 7–8(–12) mm, apex not recurved; filaments exserted, 9–10(–15) mm, longer than petals, glabrous; pistils glabrous, styles equal to or surpassing stamens.	bisexual [unisexual, plants dioecious], perianth and androecium hypogynous; epicalyx bractlet absent; hypanthium short-campanulate; sepals 5, distinct or basally connate; petals 5, distinct; nectar disc lobed, surrounding bases of ovaries; stamens 5 in 1 series (alternating with nectary lobes), distinct, anthers X-shaped or sagittate, alternipetalous; pistils 1[–2], [2–]3(–4)-locular, carpels connate [distinct], ovary: placentation axile or axile-basal, styles (2–)3(–4), basally connate, distally postgenitally connate, stigmas expanded, flattened; ovules [1–]3–12 per locule.
Fruits		capsules [berries], inflated, usually 3-lobed, carpels becoming distinct distally, tardily so adaxially, and apically dehiscent; styles persistent, splitting.
Capsules	ellipsoid, (2.5–)3.5–4(–5.5) cm.
Seeds		1 or 2 per locule, not arillate [arillate].

	Staphylea bolanderi	Staphyleaceae
Phenology	Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat	Chaparral, foothill woodlands, yellow pine forests, slopes, canyon sides
Elevation	(200–)300–1400 m ((700–)1000–4600 ft)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	North America; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia (to New Guinea) [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Staphylea bolanderi occurs in the foothills and at the lower elevations of the Cascades and Klamath ranges, the Sierra Nevada, and the Tehachapi Mountains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Genera 2, species ca. 45 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) classified Staphyleaceae within Sapindales. His circumscription of the family included Tapiscioideae (Huertea Ruiz & Pavón and Tapiscia Oliver), now placed in Tapisciaceae (Huerteales), an order unrelated to Crossosomatales but close to Brassicales, Malvales, and Sapindales (V. Savolainen et al. 2000b; D. E. Soltis et al. 2000). Staphyleaceae are thus restricted here to the genera Dalrympelea Roxburgh (Turpinia Ventenat) and Staphylea (including Euscaphis Siebold & Zuccarini) (Staphyleoideae Arnott in Cronquist; generic delimitation fide S. L. Simmons 2007). Based on molecular phylogenetic data (V. Sosa and M. W. Chase 2003), the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) placed the Staphyleaceae in the strict sense within Crossosomatales, an order remote from Sapindales. Sosa and Chase, and Oh S. H. and D. Potter (2006), showed that Staphyleaceae are sister to Crossosomataceae, Guamatelaceae, and Stachyuraceae (Crossosomatales). Detailed morphologic information on the family was provided by W. C. Dickison (1986, 1987), M. L. Matthews and P. K. Endress (2005), and Simmons (2007), among others. Matthews and Endress and Simmons indicated the presence of a floral cup in the family; the cup is here called hypanthium. The inflorescence is usually described as a panicle or raceme; it appears to be a thyrse. The fruit is usually interpreted as capsular; Matthews and Endress described it as follicular. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 9, p. 8.	FNA vol. 9, p. 6. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa	Staphyleaceae > Staphylea
Sibling taxa	S. trifolia
Subordinate taxa
Name authority	A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 69. (1874)	Martinov
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Staphyleaceae

bladdernut, Sierra bladdernut

bladdernut family

Habit

Plants 2–6 m. Leaves: leaflet blades widely ovate to widely elliptic or ± round, (2–)2.5–8(–15) cm, margins crenulate-serrulate, apex short-acuminate to apiculate, glabrous.

Shrubs, rarely trees.

Stems

branched [single].

Leaves

deciduous [persistent], cauline, opposite, usually ternate [odd-pinnate, 1-foliolate];

stipules caducous, extrapetiolar [intrapetiolar], distinct [connate];

petiole present;

blade herbaceous, margins serrulate to serrate or crenulate-serrulate;

leaflets: articulations or petiolule bases with 2 glands or stipels.

Inflorescences

terminal [axillary], thyrses, drooping.

Flowers

cylindro-campanulate;

sepals white, 5–7(–9) mm;

petals narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, 7–8(–12) mm, apex not recurved;

filaments exserted, 9–10(–15) mm, longer than petals, glabrous;

pistils glabrous, styles equal to or surpassing stamens.

bisexual [unisexual, plants dioecious], perianth and androecium hypogynous;

epicalyx bractlet absent;

hypanthium short-campanulate;

sepals 5, distinct or basally connate;

petals 5, distinct;

nectar disc lobed, surrounding bases of ovaries;

stamens 5 in 1 series (alternating with nectary lobes), distinct, anthers X-shaped or sagittate, alternipetalous;

pistils 1[–2], [2–]3(–4)-locular, carpels connate [distinct], ovary: placentation axile or axile-basal, styles (2–)3(–4), basally connate, distally postgenitally connate, stigmas expanded, flattened;

ovules [1–]3–12 per locule.

Fruits

capsules [berries], inflated, usually 3-lobed, carpels becoming distinct distally, tardily so adaxially, and apically dehiscent;

styles persistent, splitting.

Capsules

ellipsoid, (2.5–)3.5–4(–5.5) cm.

Seeds

1 or 2 per locule, not arillate [arillate].

Staphyleaceae

Phenology

Flowering Mar–May.

Habitat

Chaparral, foothill woodlands, yellow pine forests, slopes, canyon sides

Elevation

(200–)300–1400 m ((700–)1000–4600 ft)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

North America; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia (to New Guinea)

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Staphylea bolanderi occurs in the foothills and at the lower elevations of the Cascades and Klamath ranges, the Sierra Nevada, and the Tehachapi Mountains.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 2, species ca. 45 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora).

A. Cronquist (1981) classified Staphyleaceae within Sapindales. His circumscription of the family included Tapiscioideae (Huertea Ruiz & Pavón and Tapiscia Oliver), now placed in Tapisciaceae (Huerteales), an order unrelated to Crossosomatales but close to Brassicales, Malvales, and Sapindales (V. Savolainen et al. 2000b; D. E. Soltis et al. 2000). Staphyleaceae are thus restricted here to the genera Dalrympelea Roxburgh (Turpinia Ventenat) and Staphylea (including Euscaphis Siebold & Zuccarini) (Staphyleoideae Arnott in Cronquist; generic delimitation fide S. L. Simmons 2007). Based on molecular phylogenetic data (V. Sosa and M. W. Chase 2003), the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) placed the Staphyleaceae in the strict sense within Crossosomatales, an order remote from Sapindales. Sosa and Chase, and Oh S. H. and D. Potter (2006), showed that Staphyleaceae are sister to Crossosomataceae, Guamatelaceae, and Stachyuraceae (Crossosomatales). Detailed morphologic information on the family was provided by W. C. Dickison (1986, 1987), M. L. Matthews and P. K. Endress

(2005), and Simmons (2007), among others. Matthews and Endress and Simmons indicated the presence of a floral cup in the family; the cup is here called hypanthium. The inflorescence is usually described as a panicle or raceme; it appears to be a thyrse. The fruit is usually interpreted as capsular; Matthews and Endress described it as follicular.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 9, p. 8.

FNA vol. 9, p. 6. Author: Luc Brouillet.

Parent taxa

Staphyleaceae > Staphylea

Sibling taxa

S. trifolia

Subordinate taxa

Name authority

A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 69. (1874)

Martinov

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Staphylea bolanderi

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