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marine couch, sand couch, seashore dropseed

rattail smutgrass, smut grass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Plants perennial; cespitose, with tough fibrous roots, not rhizomatous.
Culms

10-65 cm, erect to decumbent.

30-100 (120) cm.

Sheaths

overlapping, margins ciliate, apices with tufts of hairs, hairs to 2 mm;

ligules 0.1-0.4 mm;

blades usually conspicuously distichous, 4-16 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, flat to loosely involute, glabrous abaxially, scabridulous adaxially, margins scabridulous.

usually keeled below, glabrous;

ligules 0.2-0.5 mm;

blades (6)10-30(50) cm long, 1-5 mm wide, flat, glabrous on both surfaces.

Panicles

3-10 cm long, 0.4-1.6 cm wide, contracted, spikelike, dense;

primary branches 0.5-2 cm, appressed, spikelet-bearing to the base;

pedicels 0.2-1.4 mm, appressed.

20-35(50) cm long, 0.3-2.2(3) cm wide, contracted, narrow, sometimes included in the uppermost sheath;

primary branches 0.4-2.5(5) cm, appressed or spreading to 40° from the rachis, as long or longer than the adjacent internodes;

secondary branches appressed, spikelet-bearing to near the base;

pulvini glabrous;

pedicels 0.1-1.8 mm, appressed.

Spikelets

(1.8)2-3.2 mm, yellowish-white to purplish-tinged, sometimes grayish.

2-2.6(2.7) mm, plumbeous to light brownish.

Glumes

subequal, ovate-oblong, membranous;

lower glumes 1.5-2.4 mm;

upper glumes 1.8-3(3.2) mm;

lemmas 2.1-3 mm, ovate to lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, acute;

paleas 2.1-3 mm, ovate, membranous;

anthers 3, 1-1.7 mm, yellowish.

subequal, ovate or obovate, membranous;

lower glumes 0.5-1 mm, often without midveins;

upper glumes 0.8-1.6 mm, 1/2 - 2/3 as long as the florets, acute to obtuse, entire;

lemmas 1.8-2.6(2.7) mm, ovate, membranous, glabrous, acute or obtuse;

paleas 1.9-2.4 mm, ovate, membranous, glabrous;

anthers 3, 0.5-1.1 mm, white, sometimes purple-tinged.

Fruits

not known.

1-1.2 mm, quadrangular, laterally compressed, reddish-brown, truncate.

2n

= 20, 30.

= 18, 24, 36.

Sporobolus virginicus

Sporobolus indicus

Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sporobolus virginicus grows on sandy beaches, sand dunes, and in saline habitats, primarily along the south-eastern coast, occasionally inland. Its range extends through Mexico and Central America to Peru, Chile, and Brazil. No fruits of this species have been found despite examination of several natural populations and over 200 herbarium specimens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sporobolus indicus is a pantropical species. It commonly grows in disturbed places and open areas such as roadsides, pastures, and lake shores. In the Flora region, it is found on sandy or clay soils and is associated with many plant communities. The spikelets and upper leaves are often covered with hyphomycetous fungi (Bipolaris spp.); hence the common name of "smutgrass".

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Sporobolus Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Sporobolus
Sibling taxa
S. airoides, S. buckleyi, S. clandestinus, S. coahuilensis, S. compositus, S. contractus, S. creber, S. cryptandrus, S. curtissii, S. diandrus, S. domingensis, S. fimbriatus, S. flexuosus, S. floridanus, S. giganteus, S. heterolepis, S. indicus, S. interruptus, S. jacquemontii, S. junceus, S. nealleyi, S. neglectus, S. pinetorum, S. purpurascens, S. pyramidatus, S. silveanus, S. tenuissimus, S. teretifolius, S. texanus, S. vaginiflorus, S. wrightii
S. airoides, S. buckleyi, S. clandestinus, S. coahuilensis, S. compositus, S. contractus, S. creber, S. cryptandrus, S. curtissii, S. diandrus, S. domingensis, S. fimbriatus, S. flexuosus, S. floridanus, S. giganteus, S. heterolepis, S. interruptus, S. jacquemontii, S. junceus, S. nealleyi, S. neglectus, S. pinetorum, S. purpurascens, S. pyramidatus, S. silveanus, S. tenuissimus, S. teretifolius, S. texanus, S. vaginiflorus, S. virginicus, S. wrightii
Synonyms S. poiretii
Name authority (L.) Kunth (L.) R. Br.
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 121. Treatment authors: Paul M. Peterson, Stephan L. Hatch, Alan S. Weakley. FNA vol. 25, p. 122. Treatment authors: Paul M. Peterson, Stephan L. Hatch, Alan S. Weakley.
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