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little ladies'-tresses, little lady's tresses

Ash Meadows lady's tresses

Habit Plants 5–30 cm. Plants 18–40 cm.
Roots

solitary, vertical, tuberous, turbinate, mostly to 1 cm diam.

few, strongly descending, tuberous, to 1.5 cm diam.

Leaves

fugacious, 3–5, basal, spreading, oval-oblanceolate, 2–6 × 1–2 cm.

persisting into anthesis, basal, often on proximal 1/2 of stem, ascending, linear to linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, to 15 × 0.9 cm.

Spike(s)

loosely spiraled, 4–7 flowers per cycle of spiral;

rachis glabrous.

usually very tightly spiraled, rarely loosely spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral;

rachis glabrous, commonly minutely and sparsely farinose.

Flowers

pure white, gaping from near middle, tubular portion less than 3 mm;

sepals distinct to base, 5 × 1 mm;

lateral sepals slightly spreading;

petals linear to lance-oblong, 5 × 1 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

lip 5 × 2.5 mm, ovate to oblong, apex dilated with broad crisped, finely lacerate margin;

veins several, branches very short;

basal calli long-pointed, mostly to 1 mm;

viscidium linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 3 mm.

ascending, ochroleucous, yellowish white, and ochraceous (tinged yellowish brown), with basal 1/4 of sepals and petals and to 1/2 of lip green and fleshy, tubular;

sepals connate at base, 4–6 mm;

lateral sepals with apices spreading;

petals lanceolate, apex spreading, obtuse;

lip variably orange centrally, broadly or occasionally narrowly elliptic, 5–6 × 3.8–6.7 mm, often divided by ± evident constrictions into abruptly narrowed apical and basal parts narrower than middle, the apical part minutely but conspicuously puberulent adaxially;

veins few to several, branches parallel to wide-spreading;

viscidia linear to linear-elliptic;

ovary mostly 2–4 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

monoembryonic.

2n

= 44.

Spiranthes tuberosa

Spiranthes infernalis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Dry to open woods, outcrops, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries Seasonally wet riparian meadows and spring runs
Elevation 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) 700 m (2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NV
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The nomenclatural history of Spiranthes tuberosa is rather complex, and among the names applied to it are Spiranthes beckii Lindley and Ibidium beckii (Lindley) House. See D. S. Correll (1950) for a discussion.

This species is easily recognized by its pure white flowers, broad crisped lip, and fugacious leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Spiranthes infernalis is known only from Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, and it is probably endemic. The description is based on correspondingly few specimens and may prove to be too restrictive.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 537. FNA vol. 26, p. 544.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. vernalis
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
Synonyms S. grayi, S. simplex, S. tuberosa var. grayi
Name authority Rafinesque: Herb. Raf., 45. (1833) Sheviak: Rhodora 91: 226, figs. 1, 2A, 3a, b. (1989)
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