Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
Spiranthes vernalis |
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hooded ladies'-tresses, hooded lady's tresses, ladies' tresses |
spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 8–55 cm. | Plants 20–65 cm. |
Roots | few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. |
numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending to spreading, linear to linear-lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, to 26 × 3 cm. |
persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. |
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Spikes | usually very tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral, rarely loosely spiraled or with more than 5 flowers per cycle; rachis glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, capitate glands short-stalked or often sessile (longest trichomes 0.03–0.18 mm). |
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Flowers | ascending, white to ivory, rarely yellowish white, tubular; sepals and petals connivent, forming hood above abruptly reflexed lip; sepals connate at base, 5.3–12.5 mm; petals linear to ovate, apex obtuse to subacute; lip pandurate, 4.8–10.2 × 1.6–6.8 mm, base broadly expanded, apex broadly dilated, separated by narrow isthmus, apical dilation variable, rarely lip nearly ovate, glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes on adaxial surface; veins typically 3, branches wide-spreading; viscidia linear-lanceolate; ovary 2–7 mm. |
nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
monoembryonic. |
2n | = 44, 66, 88. |
= 30. |
Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
Spiranthes vernalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). |
Habitat | Moist to wet meadows, tundra, marshes, fens, prairies, stream banks, seeps, coastal bluffs, dunes | Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns |
Elevation | 0–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe (Great Britain, n Ireland)
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | Plants of Spiranthes romanzoffiana vary considerably in habit but are usually quite consistent in floral morphology. The strongly hooded, ascending flowers with abruptly reflexed lips provide a distinctive geometric precision. The pandurate lip with typically three veins, the lateral with abruptly wide-spreading branches, is a key feature. In some areas, however, especially at the edges of the range of the species, some variation is apparent and is sometimes coincident with variability in ploidy level. In particular, in California and adjacent southwestern Oregon variability reaches its peak, with plants variously exhibiting yellowish flowers, loosely spiraled inflorescences, and spreading lateral sepals. Some of this variation may result from gene flow from S. porrifolia, but with various ploidy levels common in this area, even within populations, the situation is apparently more complex than simple hybridization. Hybrids of Spiranthes romanzoffiana with S. lacera var. lacera are known as S. ×simpsonii Catling & Sheviak. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 543. | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gyrostachys stricta, Ibidium strictum, S. stricta | Ibidium vernale |
Name authority | Chamisso: Linnaea 3: 32. (1828) | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) |
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