Spiranthes porrifolia |
Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
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creamy ladies' tresses, creamy lady's tresses, western ladies'-tresses |
hooded ladies'-tresses, hooded lady's tresses, ladies' tresses |
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Habit | Plants 15–60 cm. | Plants 8–55 cm. |
Roots | few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. |
few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending, linear to linear-lanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic, to 34 × 3.5 cm. |
persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending to spreading, linear to linear-lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, to 26 × 3 cm. |
Spikes | usually very tightly spiraled, rarely loosely spiraled, usually 3 flowers per cycle of spiral; rachis glabrous to sparsely pubescent, trichomes less (usually much less) than 0.18 mm, capitate glands often sessile. |
usually very tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral, rarely loosely spiraled or with more than 5 flowers per cycle; rachis glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, capitate glands short-stalked or often sessile (longest trichomes 0.03–0.18 mm). |
Flowers | ascending, creamy to markedly yellowish, slenderly tubular; sepals connate at base, 4.6–11 mm, apex reflexed-spreading; petals linear-lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, apex reflexed-spreading, obtuse to subacute or subemarginate; lip lance-ovate to lanceolate, 4–9.5 × 1.9–4.3 mm, apex recurved less than to scarcely more than apices of sepals and petals, only slightly or not at all dilated, with subapical dense cushion of peg-shaped trichomes on adaxial surface; veins few to several, branches wide-spreading or often parallel; viscidia linear to linear-elliptic; ovary mostly 2–7.5 mm. |
ascending, white to ivory, rarely yellowish white, tubular; sepals and petals connivent, forming hood above abruptly reflexed lip; sepals connate at base, 5.3–12.5 mm; petals linear to ovate, apex obtuse to subacute; lip pandurate, 4.8–10.2 × 1.6–6.8 mm, base broadly expanded, apex broadly dilated, separated by narrow isthmus, apical dilation variable, rarely lip nearly ovate, glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes on adaxial surface; veins typically 3, branches wide-spreading; viscidia linear-lanceolate; ovary 2–7 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
monoembryonic. |
2n | = 44 [66]. |
= 44, 66, 88. |
Spiranthes porrifolia |
Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Moist to wet riparian meadows, stream banks, marshes, fens, seeping banks | Moist to wet meadows, tundra, marshes, fens, prairies, stream banks, seeps, coastal bluffs, dunes |
Elevation | 100–2600 m (300–8500 ft) | 0–3400 m (0–11200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe (Great Britain, n Ireland)
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Discussion | Plants of Spiranthes romanzoffiana vary considerably in habit but are usually quite consistent in floral morphology. The strongly hooded, ascending flowers with abruptly reflexed lips provide a distinctive geometric precision. The pandurate lip with typically three veins, the lateral with abruptly wide-spreading branches, is a key feature. In some areas, however, especially at the edges of the range of the species, some variation is apparent and is sometimes coincident with variability in ploidy level. In particular, in California and adjacent southwestern Oregon variability reaches its peak, with plants variously exhibiting yellowish flowers, loosely spiraled inflorescences, and spreading lateral sepals. Some of this variation may result from gene flow from S. porrifolia, but with various ploidy levels common in this area, even within populations, the situation is apparently more complex than simple hybridization. Hybrids of Spiranthes romanzoffiana with S. lacera var. lacera are known as S. ×simpsonii Catling & Sheviak. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26. | FNA vol. 26, p. 543. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. romanzoffiana var. porrifolia | Gyrostachys stricta, Ibidium strictum, S. stricta |
Name authority | Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 467. (1840) | Chamisso: Linnaea 3: 32. (1828) |
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