Spiranthes ochroleuca |
Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
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yellow ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding lady's tresses |
hooded ladies'-tresses, hooded lady's tresses, ladies' tresses |
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Habit | Plants 10–55 cm. | Plants 8–55 cm. |
Roots | few, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.4 cm diam. |
few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, basal, sometimes on basal portion of stem, spreading, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, to 21 × 2 cm. |
persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending to spreading, linear to linear-lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, to 26 × 3 cm. |
Spikes | rather loosely to very tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral, occasionally 5 or more in very loose spiral; rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. |
usually very tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral, rarely loosely spiraled or with more than 5 flowers per cycle; rachis glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, capitate glands short-stalked or often sessile (longest trichomes 0.03–0.18 mm). |
Flowers | ochroleucous, ivory, creamy, yellowish, or greenish white, ascending, urceolate to somewhat gaping, claw of lip at pronounced (20–60°) angle to lamina, base cuneate, appearing strongly inflated; sepals distinct to base, 6–14 mm; lateral sepals appressed to petals and lip, straight, separated from dorsal sepal by mostly 0.7–1 mm; petals linear to linear-oblong, 6–13 mm, apex acute to obtuse; lip often more yellow centrally, oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 4–7 mm, margins crenulate, glabrous; veins several, branches parallel; basal calli incurved, prominent, very rarely conic, 1–2 mm; viscidia linear; ovary 3–7 mm. |
ascending, white to ivory, rarely yellowish white, tubular; sepals and petals connivent, forming hood above abruptly reflexed lip; sepals connate at base, 5.3–12.5 mm; petals linear to ovate, apex obtuse to subacute; lip pandurate, 4.8–10.2 × 1.6–6.8 mm, base broadly expanded, apex broadly dilated, separated by narrow isthmus, apical dilation variable, rarely lip nearly ovate, glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes on adaxial surface; veins typically 3, branches wide-spreading; viscidia linear-lanceolate; ovary 2–7 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
monoembryonic. |
2n | = 30. |
= 44, 66, 88. |
Spiranthes ochroleuca |
Spiranthes romanzoffiana |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Nov. | Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Dry to mesic open woodland, thickets, meadows, barrens, ledges, outcrops, banks and roadsides, old fields | Moist to wet meadows, tundra, marshes, fens, prairies, stream banks, seeps, coastal bluffs, dunes |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 0–3400 m (0–11200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe (Great Britain, n Ireland)
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Discussion | While leaves of Spiranthes ochroleuca are usually present at anthesis, in prairie populations they are commonly absent. Spiranthes ×steigeri was described as a hybrid of S. cernua and S. romanzoffiana, but additional study (P. M. Catling 1984) has shown the plants to be referable to S. ochroleuca. See notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua. Hybrids of Spiranthes ochroleuca with S. casei are known as S. ×borealis P. M. Brown. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants of Spiranthes romanzoffiana vary considerably in habit but are usually quite consistent in floral morphology. The strongly hooded, ascending flowers with abruptly reflexed lips provide a distinctive geometric precision. The pandurate lip with typically three veins, the lateral with abruptly wide-spreading branches, is a key feature. In some areas, however, especially at the edges of the range of the species, some variation is apparent and is sometimes coincident with variability in ploidy level. In particular, in California and adjacent southwestern Oregon variability reaches its peak, with plants variously exhibiting yellowish flowers, loosely spiraled inflorescences, and spreading lateral sepals. Some of this variation may result from gene flow from S. porrifolia, but with various ploidy levels common in this area, even within populations, the situation is apparently more complex than simple hybridization. Hybrids of Spiranthes romanzoffiana with S. lacera var. lacera are known as S. ×simpsonii Catling & Sheviak. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 539. | FNA vol. 26, p. 543. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gyrostachys ochroleuca, S. cernua var. ochroleuca, S. ×steigeri | Gyrostachys stricta, Ibidium strictum, S. stricta |
Name authority | (Rydberg) Rydberg: Fl. Plains N. Amer., 241. (1932) | Chamisso: Linnaea 3: 32. (1828) |
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