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yellow ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding lady's tresses

giantspiral ladiestresses, giantspiral lady's tresses, longlip lady's tresses

Habit Plants 10–55 cm. Plants 15–50 cm.
Roots

few, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.4 cm diam.

numerous, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout.

Leaves

persisting through anthesis, basal, sometimes on basal portion of stem, spreading, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, to 21 × 2 cm.

fugacious or persisting through anthesis, to 3–5, cauline, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–15 × 0.5 cm, rigid.

Inflorescences

spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, usually no more than 180°, 5–9 flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes secund;

rachis sparsely pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked.

Spikes

rather loosely to very tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral, occasionally 5 or more in very loose spiral;

rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked.

Flowers

ochroleucous, ivory, creamy, yellowish, or greenish white, ascending, urceolate to somewhat gaping, claw of lip at pronounced (20–60°) angle to lamina, base cuneate, appearing strongly inflated;

sepals distinct to base, 6–14 mm;

lateral sepals appressed to petals and lip, straight, separated from dorsal sepal by mostly 0.7–1 mm;

petals linear to linear-oblong, 6–13 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

lip often more yellow centrally, oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 4–7 mm, margins crenulate, glabrous;

veins several, branches parallel;

basal calli incurved, prominent, very rarely conic, 1–2 mm;

viscidia linear;

ovary 3–7 mm.

mostly horizontal, strongly gaping, white to cream;

sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, tapering in distal 1/3, (8–)9–10 × 2–3 mm;

lateral sepals widely spreading;

petals linear, slightly falcate, 7–9 × 2–2.5 mm;

lip yellow centrally, ovate in general outline, base rounded-dilated, apical portion descending, oblong, 8–11 × 4 mm, apex recurved with margin crisped;

basal calli erect, tapered, to 1 mm;

viscidium linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 7 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

monoembryonic.

2n

= 30.

Spiranthes ochroleuca

Spiranthes longilabris

Phenology Flowering Aug–Nov. Flowering Oct–Dec.
Habitat Dry to mesic open woodland, thickets, meadows, barrens, ledges, outcrops, banks and roadsides, old fields Primarily on coastal plain in dry to moist meadows, pine flatwoods and savannas, fields, roadsides
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 0–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

While leaves of Spiranthes ochroleuca are usually present at anthesis, in prairie populations they are commonly absent.

Spiranthes ×steigeri was described as a hybrid of S. cernua and S. romanzoffiana, but additional study (P. M. Catling 1984) has shown the plants to be referable to S. ochroleuca.

See notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua.

Hybrids of Spiranthes ochroleuca with S. casei are known as S. ×borealis P. M. Brown.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids of Spiranthes longilabris and S. odorata are known as Spiranthes ×folsomii P. M. Brown.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 539. FNA vol. 26, p. 535.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
Synonyms Gyrostachys ochroleuca, S. cernua var. ochroleuca, S. ×steigeri Ibidium longilabre
Name authority (Rydberg) Rydberg: Fl. Plains N. Amer., 241. (1932) Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 467. (1840)
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