Spiranthes ochroleuca |
Spiranthes laciniata |
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yellow ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding lady's tresses |
lacelip ladies'-tresses, lacelip lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 10–55 cm. | Plants 20–95(–100+) cm. |
Roots | few, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.4 cm diam. |
numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., slender. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, basal, sometimes on basal portion of stem, spreading, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, to 21 × 2 cm. |
persisting through anthesis, to 5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–40 × 1.7 cm, rigid. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 5–9 flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis moderately to densely pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. |
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Spikes | rather loosely to very tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral, occasionally 5 or more in very loose spiral; rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. |
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Flowers | ochroleucous, ivory, creamy, yellowish, or greenish white, ascending, urceolate to somewhat gaping, claw of lip at pronounced (20–60°) angle to lamina, base cuneate, appearing strongly inflated; sepals distinct to base, 6–14 mm; lateral sepals appressed to petals and lip, straight, separated from dorsal sepal by mostly 0.7–1 mm; petals linear to linear-oblong, 6–13 mm, apex acute to obtuse; lip often more yellow centrally, oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 4–7 mm, margins crenulate, glabrous; veins several, branches parallel; basal calli incurved, prominent, very rarely conic, 1–2 mm; viscidia linear; ovary 3–7 mm. |
mostly ascending, white to cream, slenderly tubular, gaping toward apex; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, tapering in distal 1/3, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals linear, falcate, 7–9 × 2 mm, apex apiculate or sometimes crenulate; lip yellow centrally, ovate, 6–9 × 4 mm, apical margin laciniate-dentate, crisped; basal calli incurved, long-tapered, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 5 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
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2n | = 30. |
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Spiranthes ochroleuca |
Spiranthes laciniata |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Nov. | Flowering May (Fla)–Sep (north). |
Habitat | Dry to mesic open woodland, thickets, meadows, barrens, ledges, outcrops, banks and roadsides, old fields | Primarily on coastal plain in swamps, marshes, meadows, dry to damp roadsides, ditches, fields, cemeteries, lawns, occasionally in standing water |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | While leaves of Spiranthes ochroleuca are usually present at anthesis, in prairie populations they are commonly absent. Spiranthes ×steigeri was described as a hybrid of S. cernua and S. romanzoffiana, but additional study (P. M. Catling 1984) has shown the plants to be referable to S. ochroleuca. See notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua. Hybrids of Spiranthes ochroleuca with S. casei are known as S. ×borealis P. M. Brown. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Spiranthes laciniata is easily distinguished from S. vernalis, which it superficially resembles, by its capitate trichomes. It typically flowers later than S. vernalis where the two are sympatric. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 539. | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gyrostachys ochroleuca, S. cernua var. ochroleuca, S. ×steigeri | Gyrostachys laciniata, Ibidium laciniatum |
Name authority | (Rydberg) Rydberg: Fl. Plains N. Amer., 241. (1932) | (Small) Ames: Orchidaceae 1: 120. (1905) |
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