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yellow ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding lady's tresses

northern slender ladies' tresses, northern slender lady's tresses, slender ladies'-tresses

Habit Plants 10–55 cm. Plants 15–65 cm.
Roots

few, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.4 cm diam.

few–several, spreading to descending, mostly to 0.75 cm diam., slender to stout.

Leaves

persisting through anthesis, basal, sometimes on basal portion of stem, spreading, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, to 21 × 2 cm.

, basal, spreading, obovate, 2–5 × 1–2 cm.

Spikes

rather loosely to very tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral, occasionally 5 or more in very loose spiral;

rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked.

secund to tightly spiraled, 8–10 flowers per cycle of spiral;

rachis glabrous to sparsely pubescent, trichomes capitate to clavate, glands obviously stalked.

Flowers

ochroleucous, ivory, creamy, yellowish, or greenish white, ascending, urceolate to somewhat gaping, claw of lip at pronounced (20–60°) angle to lamina, base cuneate, appearing strongly inflated;

sepals distinct to base, 6–14 mm;

lateral sepals appressed to petals and lip, straight, separated from dorsal sepal by mostly 0.7–1 mm;

petals linear to linear-oblong, 6–13 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

lip often more yellow centrally, oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 4–7 mm, margins crenulate, glabrous;

veins several, branches parallel;

basal calli incurved, prominent, very rarely conic, 1–2 mm;

viscidia linear;

ovary 3–7 mm.

white;

sepals somewhat spreading, distinct to base, elliptic, 5 × 1 mm;

lateral sepals white throughout, apex acuminate;

petals lanceolate, slightly oblique, 5 × 1 mm;

lip white with green or yellowish green center, ovate to oblong, 5 × 2.5 mm, apex dilated, its margin crisped-crenate, pubescent;

veins obscure;

basal calli erect, short-pointed, mostly to 1 mm;

viscidium linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 3 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

monoembryonic.

2n

= 30.

Spiranthes ochroleuca

Spiranthes lacera

Phenology Flowering Aug–Nov.
Habitat Dry to mesic open woodland, thickets, meadows, barrens, ledges, outcrops, banks and roadsides, old fields
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
e North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

While leaves of Spiranthes ochroleuca are usually present at anthesis, in prairie populations they are commonly absent.

Spiranthes ×steigeri was described as a hybrid of S. cernua and S. romanzoffiana, but additional study (P. M. Catling 1984) has shown the plants to be referable to S. ochroleuca.

See notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua.

Hybrids of Spiranthes ochroleuca with S. casei are known as S. ×borealis P. M. Brown.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers laxly arranged on spike (ratio of spike length/flower number equal to or greater than 2.3); inflorescence capitate-pubescent; leaves usually persisting through anthesis.
var. lacera
1. Flowers densely arranged on spike (ratio of spike length/flower number less than 2.3); entire plant essentially glabrous; leaves usually absent at anthesis.
var. gracilis
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 539. FNA vol. 26, p. 536.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
Subordinate taxa
S. lacera var. gracilis, S. lacera var. lacera
Synonyms Gyrostachys ochroleuca, S. cernua var. ochroleuca, S. ×steigeri Neottia lacera
Name authority (Rydberg) Rydberg: Fl. Plains N. Amer., 241. (1932) (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Herb. Raf., 44. (1833)
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