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yellow ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding ladies'-tresses, yellow nodding lady's tresses

diluvial ladies'-tresses, Ute ladie' tresses, Ute ladies'-tresses, Ute lady's tresses

Habit Plants 10–55 cm. Plants 20–62 cm.
Roots

few, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.4 cm diam.

few–several, horizontal to descending, slenderly tuberous, to 1 cm diam.

Leaves

persisting through anthesis, basal, sometimes on basal portion of stem, spreading, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, to 21 × 2 cm.

persisting through anthesis, usually restricted to base of stem, ascending, linear-lanceolate, to 28 × 1.5 cm.

Spikes

rather loosely to very tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral, occasionally 5 or more in very loose spiral;

rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked.

usually tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral, rarely loosely spiraled with more than 4 flowers per cycle;

rachis sparsely (rarely densely) pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked (longest trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm).

Flowers

ochroleucous, ivory, creamy, yellowish, or greenish white, ascending, urceolate to somewhat gaping, claw of lip at pronounced (20–60°) angle to lamina, base cuneate, appearing strongly inflated;

sepals distinct to base, 6–14 mm;

lateral sepals appressed to petals and lip, straight, separated from dorsal sepal by mostly 0.7–1 mm;

petals linear to linear-oblong, 6–13 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

lip often more yellow centrally, oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 4–7 mm, margins crenulate, glabrous;

veins several, branches parallel;

basal calli incurved, prominent, very rarely conic, 1–2 mm;

viscidia linear;

ovary 3–7 mm.

white or ivory, ascending, strongly gaping from near base (lip prominently diverging from sepals and petals);

sepals distinct or connate at base, 7.5–15 mm;

lateral sepals broadly spreading to loosely incurved, often raised above rest of flower or often appressed;

petals linear, apex acuminate;

lip often yellow centrally, ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, with variably evident median constriction, occasionally subpandurate, 7–12 × 2.5–6.8 mm, margins crisped, entire, or apically dentate, distal surface mostly glabrous adaxially;

basal calli prominent;

veins few to several, branches parallel to wide-spreading;

viscidia linear to linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 4–10 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

monoembryonic.

2n

= 30.

= 74.

Spiranthes ochroleuca

Spiranthes diluvialis

Phenology Flowering Aug–Nov. Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Dry to mesic open woodland, thickets, meadows, barrens, ledges, outcrops, banks and roadsides, old fields Mesic to wet riparian meadows, marshes, stream banks
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 1300–1800 m (4300–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; ID; MT; NE; NV; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

While leaves of Spiranthes ochroleuca are usually present at anthesis, in prairie populations they are commonly absent.

Spiranthes ×steigeri was described as a hybrid of S. cernua and S. romanzoffiana, but additional study (P. M. Catling 1984) has shown the plants to be referable to S. ochroleuca.

See notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua.

Hybrids of Spiranthes ochroleuca with S. casei are known as S. ×borealis P. M. Brown.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Spiranthes diluvialis is an amphiploid product of hybridization of S. romanzoffiana and S. magnicamporum. It is correspondingly somewhat variable in individual characters, but specimens can be determined through consideration of a combination of features. The position of lateral sepals commonly varies within an inflorescence, and on the same flower one is often tightly appressed while the other is widespreading and ascending. Lip venation in particular can be helpful, as most branches are parallel, but often a few are wide-spreading.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 539. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
Synonyms Gyrostachys ochroleuca, S. cernua var. ochroleuca, S. ×steigeri S. romanzoffiana var. diluvialis
Name authority (Rydberg) Rydberg: Fl. Plains N. Amer., 241. (1932) Sheviak: Brittonia 36: 11, figs. 1C, D, 2A–C, F. (1984)
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