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Thunberg's meadowsweet

Germander meadowsweet

Habit Shrubs, 10–20 dm. Shrubs, 10–20 dm.
Stems

spreading to arching, densely branched.

erect, densely branched.

Leaves

sometimes tardily deciduous;

petiole 1–2 mm or indistinct;

blade linear to lanceolate, 2.5–4 × 0.3–1 cm, membranous, base acute, margins irregularly, sharply serrulate, venation pinnate eucamptodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

petiole 5–10 mm;

blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 × 1.5–4 cm, membranous, base obtuse, margins usually coarsely, irregularly, sharply serrate to serrulate in distal 2/3, sometimes 2-serrate, venation pinnate simple craspedodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute, surfaces glaucous, glabrous.

Inflorescences

mostly axillary, hemispheric panicles, (2–)3–7-flowered, sessile on leafless stems in spring, 2–6 × 2–6 cm;

branches glabrous.

mostly axillary, racemiform, corymbiform, or hemispheric panicles, (2–)3–10 × 2–5 cm;

branches glabrous.

Pedicels

5–8 mm, glabrous.

5–10 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

6–8 mm diam.;

hypanthia crateriform, 2–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous or puberulent;

sepals ovate-triangular, 1.3–2 mm;

petals white, obovate to suborbiculate, 2–4 mm;

staminodes 10–14;

stamens 18–20, 0.3 times petal length.

5–12 mm diam.;

hypanthia campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous to puberulent;

sepals ovate-triangular, 2.5–3 mm;

petals white, broadly ovate, 4–6 mm, apex notched or erose;

staminodes 0;

stamens 35–50, 2 times petal length.

Follicles

oblanceoloid, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous.

asymmetrical fusiform, 2–3 mm, glabrous or pubescent.

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Spiraea thunbergii

Spiraea chamaedryfolia

Phenology Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Apr–Oct. Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Jun–Oct.
Habitat Abandoned homesteads, meadows, roadsides, pastures Old pastures, homestead sites
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–700 m (0–2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; GA; KS; LA; MD; MS; NC; NE; NY; PA; ON; Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; NY; ON; se Europe; Asia (China, Japan, Russia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in w Europe]
Discussion

Spiraea thunbergii flowers very early in the spring and may be easily observed due to the obvious flowers on branches lacking leaves; because it can thrive in a variety of soils, it will often persist as the native vegetation returns. Although established in a number of areas, it does not appear to spread aggressively or compete strongly with native species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Two frequently mentioned varieties of Spiraea chamaedryfolia are var. ulmifolia (Scopoli) Maximowicz, which has primarily ovate leaves with an obtuse base and a frequently doubly-serrate margin and inflorescences 7–10 cm diam., treated as a species by Rydberg, and var. flexuosa (Fischer ex Cambessèdes) Maximowicz, which has ovate-lanceolate leaves with cuneate base and entire or singly-serrate margin with fewer teeth and inflorescences 4–6 cm diam. Variation in the leaf and inflorescence characters is inconsistent in plants established in North America. C. Sterling (1966) described the carpel anatomy of this species but did not examine enough taxa from Europe or Asia for comparison. W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4) and H. S. Maxwell and S. G. Knees (1989) are useful references for additional information on varieties and hybrids of this Eurasian native.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 409. FNA vol. 9, p. 409.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea
Sibling taxa
S. alba, S. cantoniensis, S. chamaedryfolia, S. corymbosa, S. douglasii, S. japonica, S. lucida, S. prunifolia, S. salicifolia, S. splendens, S. stevenii, S. tomentosa, S. virginiana, S. ×hitchcockii, S. ×pyramidata, S. ×vanhouttei
S. alba, S. cantoniensis, S. corymbosa, S. douglasii, S. japonica, S. lucida, S. prunifolia, S. salicifolia, S. splendens, S. stevenii, S. thunbergii, S. tomentosa, S. virginiana, S. ×hitchcockii, S. ×pyramidata, S. ×vanhouttei
Name authority Siebold ex Blume: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17: 1115. (1827) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 489. (1753)
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