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bridal-wreath spiraea, bridalwreath meadowsweet, bridalwreath spirea

Virginia meadowsweet, Virginia or West Virginia spiraea, Virginia spiraea

Habit Shrubs, 10–30 dm. Shrubs, 30–40 dm.
Stems

erect, virgate, branched.

erect to arching or prostrate, densely branched.

Leaves

petiole 1–4 mm, pubescent;

blade usually ovate to elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, 1–4(–5) × 1–2 cm, membranous, base obtuse, margins serrulate, usually from near base to apex, sometimes only distally from middle, rarely nearly entire with few teeth apically, venation pinnate cladodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface lanate to glabrescent, adaxial glabrate.

petiole 2–5 mm;

blade ovate to oblanceolate, 3–5 × 1–1.5 cm (length 3 times width), membranous, base acute, margins entire or dentate teeth 1–4 in distal 1/4 of blade, mucronate, number of primary and secondary serrations 1 times number of secondary veins (excluding inter-secondary veins), venation pinnate cladodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, mostly glabrous, adaxial glabrous.

Inflorescences

mostly axillary, usually hemispheric panicles, sometimes simple fascicles, 3–6-flowered, sessile, 2–3 × 1–3 cm;

bractlets 3–7 × 3–5 mm;

branches pubescent.

mostly terminal, corymbiform or hemispheric panicles, 2–8 × 5–22 cm height 0.5–1 times diam.;

branches frequently in axils of leaves, usually glabrous or pubescent, sometimes villous.

Pedicels

10–30 mm, pubescent.

1–3 mm, usually glabrous or pubescent, sometimes villous.

Flowers

5–15 mm diam.;

hypanthia campanulate, 1–1.2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous;

sepals ovate to ovate-triangular, 1–3 mm;

petals white to cream, often with more than a single whorl of petals in most commonly escaped form, ovate to obovate, 2–10 mm;

staminodes 10–16, irregularly fused;

stamens 20–25, 0.5 times petal length.

5–7 mm diam.;

hypanthia turbinate to campanulate, 1.2–1.8 mm, surfaces glabrous or pubescent;

sepals triangular, 1–1.2 mm;

petals yellowish white, greenish white, or translucent white, ovate to orbiculate, 1.8–2 mm;

staminodes 0;

stamens 25–45, 2 times petal length.

Follicles

oblanceoloid, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, adaxial suture sparsely hairy.

oblanceoloid, 1.5–2 mm, shiny, glabrous.

2n

= 18.

Spiraea prunifolia

Spiraea virginiana

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug; fruiting May–Nov. Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Jun–Sep.
Habitat Abandoned homesteads, roadsides, meadows, riparian zones Riparian zones of rocky stream reaches with high flows capable of scour and deposition of sediments
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) 200–1000 m (700–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV; NS; ON; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; KY; NC; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Spiraea prunifolia is an ornamental shrub that can be found established in many areas. The double-flowered variant (most common in cultivation) may be assigned to var. prunifolia; single-flowered forms may be assigned to three other varieties [see Lu L. T. and C. Alexander (2003) for a key to native varieties in China]. L. H. Bailey et al. (1949), W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4), H. S. Maxwell and S. G. Knees (1989), A. Huxley et al. (1992, vol. 4), and references therein provide useful additional information on variation in S. prunifolia. M. De Cleene and J. De Ley (1981) noted that S. prunifolia and S. ×vanhouttei (see discussion below) are hosts to infectious hairy-root.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Spiraea virginiana is endemic to the southern Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau physiographic provinces. In stream and river reaches, where there is little variation in flow volume and velocity, available habitat for S. virginiana would decline over time without scour and redeposition of sediments. The species reproduces primarily through asexual propagation: the stems break during high flows, are transported and deposited in sediments, and take root, establishing plants (D. W. Ogle 1991b; C. M. Anders and Z. E. Murrell 2001). Ogle (1991, 1991b) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the species and found viable seed to be rare on individuals found within local populations, confined to a single stream corridor. When plants from different populations were brought together in cultivation, abundant viable seed was produced (Ogle 1991b).

All populations of Spiraea virginiana examined by J. R. Brzyski and T. M. Culley (2011) had higher levels of genetic differentiation among populations, and lower values of genotypic richness within populations, than would be expected for a clonal organism.

Spiraea virginiana is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 408. FNA vol. 9, p. 404.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea
Sibling taxa
S. alba, S. cantoniensis, S. chamaedryfolia, S. corymbosa, S. douglasii, S. japonica, S. lucida, S. salicifolia, S. splendens, S. stevenii, S. thunbergii, S. tomentosa, S. virginiana, S. ×hitchcockii, S. ×pyramidata, S. ×vanhouttei
S. alba, S. cantoniensis, S. chamaedryfolia, S. corymbosa, S. douglasii, S. japonica, S. lucida, S. prunifolia, S. salicifolia, S. splendens, S. stevenii, S. thunbergii, S. tomentosa, S. ×hitchcockii, S. ×pyramidata, S. ×vanhouttei
Name authority Siebold & Zuccarini: Fl. Jap. 1: 131, plate 70. (1840) Britton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 314. (1890)
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