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bridal-wreath spiraea, bridalwreath meadowsweet, bridalwreath spirea

Habit Shrubs, 10–30 dm. Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, perennial (Aruncus); unarmed.
Stems

erect, virgate, branched.

Leaves

petiole 1–4 mm, pubescent;

blade usually ovate to elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, 1–4(–5) × 1–2 cm, membranous, base obtuse, margins serrulate, usually from near base to apex, sometimes only distally from middle, rarely nearly entire with few teeth apically, venation pinnate cladodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface lanate to glabrescent, adaxial glabrate.

alternate, simple or pinnately compound;

stipules absent;

venation pinnate, sometimes palmate.

Inflorescences

mostly axillary, usually hemispheric panicles, sometimes simple fascicles, 3–6-flowered, sessile, 2–3 × 1–3 cm;

bractlets 3–7 × 3–5 mm;

branches pubescent.

Pedicels

10–30 mm, pubescent.

Flowers

5–15 mm diam.;

hypanthia campanulate, 1–1.2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous;

sepals ovate to ovate-triangular, 1–3 mm;

petals white to cream, often with more than a single whorl of petals in most commonly escaped form, ovate to obovate, 2–10 mm;

staminodes 10–16, irregularly fused;

stamens 20–25, 0.5 times petal length.

perianth and androecium perigynous;

epicalyx bractlets absent or present;

hypanthium shallowly bowl-shaped, hemispheric, campanulate, patelliform, +/- crateriform, or turbinate;

torus absent, minute, or thickened;

carpels 3–5(or 6)[–8], distinct, free or adnate to hypanthium base, styles +/- terminal, distinct;

ovules 2–5, apical, collateral or clustered.

Fruits

aggregated follicles or achenes (Holodiscus);

styles deciduous or persistent, not elongate.

Follicles

oblanceoloid, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, adaxial suture sparsely hairy.

2n

= 18.

Spiraea prunifolia

Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug; fruiting May–Nov.
Habitat Abandoned homesteads, roadsides, meadows, riparian zones
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV; NS; ON; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; Eurasia [Introduced widely]
Discussion

Spiraea prunifolia is an ornamental shrub that can be found established in many areas. The double-flowered variant (most common in cultivation) may be assigned to var. prunifolia; single-flowered forms may be assigned to three other varieties [see Lu L. T. and C. Alexander (2003) for a key to native varieties in China]. L. H. Bailey et al. (1949), W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4), H. S. Maxwell and S. G. Knees (1989), A. Huxley et al. (1992, vol. 4), and references therein provide useful additional information on variation in S. prunifolia. M. De Cleene and J. De Ley (1981) noted that S. prunifolia and S. ×vanhouttei (see discussion below) are hosts to infectious hairy-root.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 8, species ca. 130 (6 genera, 25 species, including 3 hybrids, in the flora).

The two genera not present in North America north of Mexico are the southeastern European-western Asian Sibiraea Maximowicz (five species) and the Mexican Xerospiraea J. Henrickson (one species).

The base chromosome number for Spiraeeae is x = 9.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs, perennial; flowers unisexual; hypanthia shallowly bowl-shaped.
Aruncus
1. Shrubs or subshrubs; flowers bisexual; hypanthia hemispheric, campanulate, patelliform, +/- crateriform, or turbinate
→ 2
2. Subshrubs; leaves 2–3(–5)-ternate, primarily crowded basally.
Luetkea
2. Shrubs; leaves simple, cauline (tightly clustered in Petrophytum)
→ 3
3. Leaves deciduous, herbaceous, membranous, chartaceous, rarely coriaceous; stems erect, arching, or ascending, sometimes spreading to prostrate in Spiraea
→ 4
3. Leaves persistent, often marcescent, coriaceous; stems prostrate (mat-forming), sometimes ascending or erect in Petrophytum
→ 5
4. Fruits aggregated follicles; inflorescences panicles or corymbiform or racemiform; carpels free; petals greenish, yellowish, white, pink, or purple.
Spiraea
4. Fruits aggregated achenes; inflorescences panicles; carpels adnate to hypanthium base; petals usually white, sometimes pink tinged, rarely pink.
Holodiscus
5. Inflorescences panicles; petals white; stamens 20–40.
Petrophytum
5. Inflorescences: flowers solitary; petals pink to pinkish, often purple tinged; stamens 7–12.
Kelseya
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 408. FNA vol. 9, p. 398. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae
Sibling taxa
S. alba, S. cantoniensis, S. chamaedryfolia, S. corymbosa, S. douglasii, S. japonica, S. lucida, S. salicifolia, S. splendens, S. stevenii, S. thunbergii, S. tomentosa, S. virginiana, S. ×hitchcockii, S. ×pyramidata, S. ×vanhouttei
Subordinate taxa
Aruncus, Holodiscus, Kelseya, Luetkea, Petrophytum, Spiraea
Name authority Siebold & Zuccarini: Fl. Jap. 1: 131, plate 70. (1840) de Candolle: in A. P de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, in A. Pde Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 541. (1825)
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