Spiraea corymbosa |
Spiraea japonica |
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dwarf spiraea, shinyleaf meadowsweet |
fortune meadowsweet, fortune spirea, Japanese meadowsweet, Japanese spiraea |
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Habit | Shrubs, 3–10(–15) dm. | Shrubs, 10–15 dm, not rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect to arching, branched. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | petiole 3–8 mm, sparsely hairy; blade ovate to elliptic or suborbiculate, 2–10 × 1–2.5 cm, coriaceous, base obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, margins irregularly, coarsely and sharply doubly serrate from midpoint to apex, teeth acute and mucronate, number of primary and secondary serrations 1 times number of secondary veins (excluding inter-secondary veins), venation pinnate cladodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, abaxial surface mostly glabrous, adaxial glabrous. |
petiole 2–7 mm; blade ovate to lanceolate, 5–10 × 2–4 cm, membranous, base cuneate, margins sharply doubly serrate, number of primary and secondary serrations 3–5 times number of secondary veins (excluding inter-secondary veins), venation pinnate simple craspedodromous, secondary veins not prominent, apex acute, abaxial surface pubescent, adaxial glabrous. |
Inflorescences | mostly terminal, corymbiform, 2–5 × 3–10 cm height 0.4–1.1 times diam.; branches rarely in axils of leaves, glabrous or glabrate. |
mostly terminal, corymbiform, 5–8 × 5–15 cm; branches finely villous. |
Pedicels | 1–3 mm, glabrous or glabrate. |
4–6 mm, finely villous. |
Flowers | 4–7 mm diam.; hypanthia hemispheric, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or pubescent, adaxial glabrous; sepals triangular, 0.5–1 mm; petals chalky white to pink, orbiculate, 1.3–1.5 mm; staminodes 5–15 reduced to serrations; stamens 15–20, 2 times petal length. |
4–8 mm diam.; hypanthia campanulate, 1–1.2 mm, abaxial surface strigose, adaxial pubescent; sepals triangular, 1–1.3 mm; petals light to dark pink, obovate, 1–1.5 mm; staminodes 0; stamens 25–30, 2 times petal length. |
Follicles | nearly fusiform, 2–3 mm, shiny, glabrous. |
oblanceoloid, 2–3 mm, glabrous, adaxial suture glabrous or ciliate. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Spiraea corymbosa |
Spiraea japonica |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct; fruiting Jun–Nov. | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Open rocky soil, rocky, lightly wooded sites, dry or fast draining slopes, rocky edges of woods | Wet meadows, riparian zones |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; MA; MD; NC; NJ; PA; TN; VA; WV; NS; ON [Introduced in e Europe] |
CA; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; UT; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in w, c, Europe]
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Discussion | H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1963) and L. J. Uttal (1974) considered Spiraea corymbosa to be a variety of S. betulifolia. K. Sax (1936) found S. corymbosa to be a triploid with complete pollen sterility and hypothesized that it must exist as a diploid, or form viable egg cells, because it is involved in hybrids. If so, these cytological differences may be correlated with some morphological variation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Spiraea japonica is currently recognized as having eight varieties (Zhang Zhao Y. et al. 2002, 2006; Lu L. T. and C. Alexander 2003) and has been the source of many hybrids and cultivars that have been popular for gardens in temperate zones around the world. Various varieties or cultivars of Spiraea japonica have become noxious weeds, primarily in wet sites and riparian areas. In Tennessee, S. japonica is ranked as a significant threat to native species by the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council (2009); it is noted as a threat to S. virginiana through competition in the riparian zone (D. W. Ogle 1992). One cultivar that is noted as having established populations is Spiraea ×bumalda Burvenich, which has been considered to be a hybrid of S. albiflora Miquel and S. japonica (B. A. E. Koehne 1893; L. H. Bailey et al. 1949; A. J. Rehder 1927; A. Huxley et al. 1992). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 403. | FNA vol. 9, p. 410. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Spiraeeae > Spiraea |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. betulifolia var. corymbosa, S. ostryfolia, S. repens, S. sororia | S. callosa, S. fortunei, S. japonica var. fortunei |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 36. (1814) | Linnaeus f.: Suppl. Pl., 262. (1782) |
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