Flora of North America species comparison

leaves ovate-lingulate; 1–1.3 mm, apex broadly rounded;

hyaline cells nonseptate, aporose and fibrillose in at least distal half of leaf.

leaves triangular to triangular-lingulate, 0.9–1.1 mm; appressed to spreading;

apex apiculate, acute or narrowly obtuse, appressed to spreading;

hyaline cells nonseptate and efibrillose.

2–3 spreading and 2 pendent leaves not much elongated at distal end.

straight to more typically curved, typically stout and blunt ended; strongly 5-ranked, leaves not much elongate at distal end.

ovate, 1–1.5 mm; straight;

not or weakly undulate or recurved when dry;

margins entire;

hyaline cells short and wide, convex surface with 1–3 small pores per cell and on concave surface with large round wall thinnings in the cell angles; chlorophyllous cells equilateral-triangular in transverse section, broadly exposed on convex surface and just reaching to well-enclosed on concave surface.

ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.4–1.8 mm; straight to often subsecund; weakly undulate and slightly recurved;

hyaline cells on convex surface with 1 pore per cell at apical end of cell, on concave surface with round wall thinnings in the cells ends and angles; chlorophyllous cells triangular to triangular-ovate in transverse section, very well-enclosed within concave surface.

monoicous.

dioicous.

27–42 µm;

both surfaces smooth, proximal surface with distinct bifurcated Y-mark sculpture surrounded by distinct circular border, distal surface with distinct raised border around margins;

proximal laesura usually less than 0.4 spore radius.

25–28 µm; roughly papillous on both surfaces;

proximal laesura more than 0.5 the length of the spore.

stems green;

cortex enlarged, with conspicuously long-necked retort cells.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 2 pendent branches.;

branch stems green but often reddish at proximal end, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.