Flora of North America species comparison

green to dark brown, superficial cortex of 0–3 layers of efibrillose, non-ornamented, enlarged, thin-walled cells;

cells in outer layer aporose or with single round to elliptical wall thinning adjacent to the distal cell wall, visible only with heavy staining.;

stem leaves varying from smaller than to larger than branch leaves;

triangular, ovate to lingulate;

with rounded and sometimes erose apex;

border entire;

hyaline cells rhomboid to S-shaped, non-ornamented, efibrillose to fibrillose, aporose to sometimes porose, non- to multiply septate;

neither surface resorbed.

leaves triangular-lingulate to lingulate, 0.7–1.4 mm;

apex rounded-obtuse and weakly denticulate;

hyaline cells nonseptate, mostly efibrillose, and, if porose, with more pores per cell on the concave surface (3–6) than on the convex surface (0–2).

not always clearly dimorphic, spreading and pendent branches very similar.

somewhat curved, leaves spreading.

oval, ovate or ovate-lanceolate;

hyaline cells fibrillose, non-ornamented;

convex surface mostly with numerous elliptical to round pores (8–24 per cell) in rows along commissures on convex surface, concave surface with fewer or no pores; chlorophyllous cells elliptical in transverse section, ± equally exposed on both surfaces or slightly more on convex surface, end walls not thickened.

ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2–2 mm;

subsecund;

hyaline cells with numerous tiny pores in a continuous line along the commissures on the convex surface, no or scattered pores on the concave surface.

dioicous.

dioicous.

with few pseudostomata.

exserted, with scattered pseudo-stomata.

22–41 µm, with or without raised surface sculpture on distal surface;

proximal laesura more than 0.5 spore radius.

22–28 µm;

papillose on both surfaces;

proximal laesurae more than 0.5 spore radius.

fascicles 1–3 spreading and 0–2(–4) pendent.;

branch stems green, surrounded by 1 layer of efibrillose, non-ornamented, thin-walled, inflated cells, with solitary short-necked retort cells or with conspicuously necked retort cells, interspersed with primarily aporose rectangular-shaped cells.

fascicles with 2–3 spreading and 2–3(4) pendent branches.