Flora of North America species comparison

leaves much smaller than branch leaves, triangular-lingulate, border entire and broadened at base;

hyaline cells rhomboid, efibrillose, nonornamented, aporose, and usually nonseptate;

hyaline cells not resorbed on either surface.

leaves small, 0.3–0.7 mm, triangular-lingulate with broad rounded apex, Branches short, crowded, and unranked.

strongly dimorphic, spreading branches much stronger than pendent branches.

ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apex broadly truncate, smooth and toothed;

margin denticulate;

hyaline cells fibrillose, smooth or papillose, convex surface with ± 5 small to medium-sized free pores, sometimes numerous pseudopores, concave surface with large pores in cell angles; chlorophyllous cells elliptic to ovate-triangular in transverse section, completely enclosed or exposed on concave surface, end walls unthickened.

large, 1.4–3 mm, semi-squarrose to squarrose, ovate and abruptly involute in distal portion, appearing cucullate with toothed apex, usually no more than 6 teeth;

hyaline cells with 5 or more ringed, round to elliptical pores on convex surface, numerous pseudopores on concave surface with 3-ringed corner pores occurring in 3s at adjacent cell angles; chlorophyllous cells elliptic in transverse section, entirely included by hyaline cells, slightly nearer to convex surface.

monoicous or dioicous.

monoicous.

2 mm or less, with numerous pseudostomata.

with abundant pseudostomata.

mean diameter more than 30 µm, raised Y-mark sculpture on distal surface;

proximal laesura more than 0.3 spore radius.

25–35 µm; finely papillose on proximal surface, coarsely papillose on distal surface with raised Y-mark sculpture;

proximal laesura short, 0.3–0.5 spore radius.

fascicles with 2–3 spreading branches and 2(–3) pendent branches.;

branch stems green, green to brownish, surrounded by 1 layer of efibrillose, non-ornamented, inflated, thin-walled, uniporse cells with slight protruding necks.

fascicles 4–6 branches per fascicle, 2–3 spreading and 2–3 pendent, but plants frequently unbranched in young clones.