Flora of North America species comparison

leaves usually smaller than branch leaves, triangular to lingulate, apex apiculate, acute, broad, or erose and split, border narrow or broad at base;

hyaline cells non-ornamented, usually efibrillose (in proximal portion) to often fibrillose in distal portion of leaf, aporose or with few pores and septate to nonseptate.

pale green;

superficial cortex of 1–2 layers of thin-walled and well differentiated cells.;

stem leaves large, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 2 mm, more or less spreading;

apex rounded and serrulate;

hyaline cells fibrillose and often 1–septate, convex surface generally aporose, concave surface with 1–several round pores per cell in ends and angles.

dimorphic, pendent branches more slender and delicate than spreading branches.

unranked to slightly 5-ranked, often short and blunt at distal end.

usually longer than stem leaves, ovate to lanceolate;

margins entire or in a few cases serrulate;

apex involute and smooth;

hyaline cells non-ornamented, fibrillose (in one case efibrillose), convex surface porose or with a few to numerous pores or pseudopores, concave surface aporose or with pores or pore-like wall thinnings; chlorophyllous cells triangular to trapezoidal in transverse section, more broadly exposed on convex surface, end walls not thickened.

ovate to oblong-quadrate, 1.2–2.5 mm, not undulate or recurved when dry, strongly toothed across apex and serrulate on margins;

hyaline cells with to 4 small round ringed pores at cell ends on convex surface, small round wall thinnings in the cell ends and angles on the concave surface; chlorophyllous cells trapezoidal in transverse section, more broadly exposed on the convex surface.

mostly dioicous or occasionally monoicous.

monoicous.

less than 2 mm, with few pseudostomata.

usually more than 30 µm, rarely with raised surface sculpture on distal surface;

proximal laesura typically less than or equal to 0.5 spore radius.

38–48 µm;

both surfaces covered with fine to moderately coarse papillae;

proximal laesura less than 0.4 spore radius.

fascicles with 2–3 spreading to 1–3 pendent branches.;

branch stems green to pinkish, surrounded by 1 layer of efibrillose, non-ornamented, enlarged, thin-walled cells, with solitary uniporose retort cells (or in groups) with short necks, other aporose cells rectangular.

fascicles with 1–2 spreading and 0–1 pendent branches.;

branch stems green, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.