Flora of North America species comparison

leaves lingulate-triangular to lingulate, 1–1.4 mm, apex broadly rounded but becoming acute in hemiisophyllous forms, border strongly developed at base (more than 0.25 width);

hyaline cells rhombic and 0–3-septate with some cells in leaf midregion 2–septate.

leaves small, 0.3–0.7 mm, triangular-lingulate with broad rounded apex, Branches short, crowded, and unranked.

weakly to strongly 5-ranked.

ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.9–1.2 mm, concave, subsecund on some branches, apex involute;

hyaline cells on convex surface with numerous round to elliptic pores along the commissures, grading from small round pores near apex to round pores near base, on concave surface with large round pores in proximal portions of leaf.

large, 1.4–3 mm, semi-squarrose to squarrose, ovate and abruptly involute in distal portion, appearing cucullate with toothed apex, usually no more than 6 teeth;

hyaline cells with 5 or more ringed, round to elliptical pores on convex surface, numerous pseudopores on concave surface with 3-ringed corner pores occurring in 3s at adjacent cell angles; chlorophyllous cells elliptic in transverse section, entirely included by hyaline cells, slightly nearer to convex surface.

dioicous.

monoicous.

with abundant pseudostomata.

18–33 µm, coarsely papillose on both surfaces;

proximal laesura less than 0.4 spore radius.

25–35 µm; finely papillose on proximal surface, coarsely papillose on distal surface with raised Y-mark sculpture;

proximal laesura short, 0.3–0.5 spore radius.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 1–2 pendent branches.

fascicles 4–6 branches per fascicle, 2–3 spreading and 2–3 pendent, but plants frequently unbranched in young clones.