Flora of North America species comparison

pale green to pale brown;

superficial cortex of weakly to moderately differentiated.;

stem leaves triangular-lingulate, 0.9–1.3 mm; usually appressed;

apex obtuse and often erose;

hyaline cells efibrillose and nonseptate.

leaves triangular-lingulate, 1.2–1.4 mm;

apex with a deep lacerate split;

hyaline cells aporose, efibrillose and often septate.

tapering or in more robust forms, frequently blunt, straight to arcuate, leaves slightly to moderately elongated at distal end.

unranked to rarely 5-ranked, branch leaves only weakly undulate, but sharply recurved at the apex, leaves not much elongated at distal end.

ovate to ovate-lanceolate; more than 1.8 mm; straight, stiff, not much undulate and reflexed to recurved;

margins entire;

hyaline cells on convex surface with a few end pores, but mostly numerous small to very small (often barely visible) pores or wall thinnings free from the commissures, on concave surface similar, but with pores generally fewer and larger; chlorophyllous cells triangular in transverse section, just reaching concave surface or slightly enclosed.

ovate-lanceolate; 2–2.6 mm; straight; weakly undulate but strongly recurved, hyaline cells on convex surface with very large irregular pores (formed from the confluence of several smaller pores) at the cell apex, concave surface with large round wall thinnings in the cell angles; chlorophyllous cells triangular to trapezoidal in transverse section, apex normally slightly exposed on concave surface.

dioicous.

dioicous.

18–27 µm;

both surfaces covered with rough, irregular verrucate plates of papillae, bifurcated Y-mark sculpture on distal surface;

proximal laesura less than 0.5 spore radius.

22–28 µm;

proximal surface noticeably papillose, distal surface smooth or with fewer papillae;

proximal laesura more than 0.5 the length of the radius.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 2 pendent branches.;

branch stems green, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 2 pendent branches.;

branch stem green, cortex enlarged with retort cells.