Flora of North America species comparison

leaves triangular to lingulate-triangular, 0.8–1.2 mm, mostly appressed to the stem, apex acute to apiculate, hyaline cells mostly efibrillose and nonseptate.

leaves ovate-lingulate; 1–1.3 mm, apex broadly rounded;

hyaline cells nonseptate, aporose and fibrillose in at least distal half of leaf.

straight, mostly unranked, but can be 5-ranked in wet-growing forms, leaves little elongated at distal branch ends.

2–3 spreading and 2 pendent leaves not much elongated at distal end.

ovate-lanceolate, greater than 1.2 mm, straight, undulate and sharply recurved when dry, margins entire;

hyaline cells on convex surface with usually 1 round pore per cell at apical end, on concave side with round wall thinnings in the cell ends and angles; chlorophyllous cells triangular and just reaching or slightly enclosed within the concave surface.

ovate, 1–1.5 mm; straight;

not or weakly undulate or recurved when dry;

margins entire;

hyaline cells short and wide, convex surface with 1–3 small pores per cell and on concave surface with large round wall thinnings in the cell angles; chlorophyllous cells equilateral-triangular in transverse section, broadly exposed on convex surface and just reaching to well-enclosed on concave surface.

dioicous.

monoicous.

25–31 µm;

proximal surface finely papillose, distal surface pusticulate with bifurcated Y-mark sculpture;

proximal laesura less than 0.5 spore radius.

27–42 µm;

both surfaces smooth, proximal surface with distinct bifurcated Y-mark sculpture surrounded by distinct circular border, distal surface with distinct raised border around margins;

proximal laesura usually less than 0.4 spore radius.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 2–3 pendent branches.;

branch stems green but proximal end sometimes red, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.

stems green;

cortex enlarged, with conspicuously long-necked retort cells.