Flora of North America species comparison

leaves triangular to lingulate-triangular, 0.8–1.2 mm, mostly appressed to the stem, apex acute to apiculate, hyaline cells mostly efibrillose and nonseptate.

pale green;

superficial cortex of 1–2 layers of thin-walled and well differentiated cells.;

stem leaves large, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 2 mm, more or less spreading;

apex rounded and serrulate;

hyaline cells fibrillose and often 1–septate, convex surface generally aporose, concave surface with 1–several round pores per cell in ends and angles.

straight, mostly unranked, but can be 5-ranked in wet-growing forms, leaves little elongated at distal branch ends.

unranked to slightly 5-ranked, often short and blunt at distal end.

ovate-lanceolate, greater than 1.2 mm, straight, undulate and sharply recurved when dry, margins entire;

hyaline cells on convex surface with usually 1 round pore per cell at apical end, on concave side with round wall thinnings in the cell ends and angles; chlorophyllous cells triangular and just reaching or slightly enclosed within the concave surface.

ovate to oblong-quadrate, 1.2–2.5 mm, not undulate or recurved when dry, strongly toothed across apex and serrulate on margins;

hyaline cells with to 4 small round ringed pores at cell ends on convex surface, small round wall thinnings in the cell ends and angles on the concave surface; chlorophyllous cells trapezoidal in transverse section, more broadly exposed on the convex surface.

dioicous.

monoicous.

25–31 µm;

proximal surface finely papillose, distal surface pusticulate with bifurcated Y-mark sculpture;

proximal laesura less than 0.5 spore radius.

38–48 µm;

both surfaces covered with fine to moderately coarse papillae;

proximal laesura less than 0.4 spore radius.

fascicles with 2 spreading and 2–3 pendent branches.;

branch stems green but proximal end sometimes red, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.

fascicles with 1–2 spreading and 0–1 pendent branches.;

branch stems green, with cortex enlarged with conspicuous retort cells.