Spergularia salina |
Spergularia villosa |
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lesser sea-spurrey, salt marsh sand-spurry, salt sandspurry, salt-marsh sand-spurrey, spergulaire des arais salés |
hairy sand-spurrey, hairy sand-spurry, villous sand spurry |
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Habit | Plants annual, delicate, 8–25(–30) cm, stipitate-glandular, at least in inflorescence. | Plants strongly perennial with branched, woody base, stout, 11–30 cm, stipitate-glandular in inflorescence or throughout. |
Taproots | ± slender. |
becoming stout, woody. |
Stems | erect to ascending or prostrate, usually much-branched proximally; main stem 0.6–2(–3) mm diam. proximally. |
erect to ascending, often arcuately so, much-branched proximally; main stem 0.4–1.3 mm diam. proximally. |
Leaves | stipules inconspicuous, dull white, broadly triangular, 1.2–3.5 mm, longer than wide, apex acute to short-acuminate; blade linear, (0.8–)1.5–4 cm, fleshy, apex blunt to apiculate; axillary leaf clusters usually absent. |
stipules ± conspicuous, dull white, broadly lance-acuminate, 3–8 mm, apex mucronate; blade filiform to linear, 1–4.2 cm, somewhat fleshy, apex apiculate or spine-tipped; axillary leaves 2–4 per cluster. |
Pedicels | reflexed and oriented to 1 side in fruit. |
spreading to reflexed in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals connate 0.5–1 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–4.5 mm, to 4.8 mm in fruit, margins 0.1–0.5 mm wide, apex acute to rounded; petals white or pink to rosy, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 0.8–1 times as long as sepals; stamens (1–)2–3(–5); styles 0.4–0.7 mm. |
sepals connate 0.5–0.7 mm proximally, lobes 1- or 3-veined, lance-ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–4 mm, to 5 mm in fruit, margins 0.1–0.6 mm wide, apex acute to acuminate but often briefly rounded at tip; petals white, ± elliptic, 0.7–0.8 times as long as sepal; stamens 7–10; styles 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Capsules | greenish to tan, 2.8–6.4 mm, 1–1.5 times as long as sepals. |
greenish to tan, (4–)5–6.5 mm, 1.1–1.3 times as long as sepals. |
Seeds | light brown to reddish brown, with submarginal groove, broadly ovate, ± plump, 0.5–0.7(–0.8) mm, dull, ± smooth, often with gland-tipped papillae (30x); wing usually absent or incomplete. |
reddish brown to dark brown, often with submarginal groove, broadly ovate, plump, 0.4–0.5 mm, smooth, often sculptured with parallel, wavy lines, papillae often present; wing often present, white, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, margins irregular. |
Cymes | simple to 3+-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. |
simple to 3-compound. |
2n | = 18? (Asia), 36 (Europe). |
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Spergularia salina |
Spergularia villosa |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Mud flats, alkaline fields, sandy river bottoms, sandy coasts, salt marshes, saline highway edges (Great Lakes region) | Sandy slopes and bluffs, clay ridges and plains, disturbed areas |
Elevation | 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Eurasia; almost cosmopolitan via introduction [Introduced and native]
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CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California); South America (Chile?) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | While Spergularia salina may be native in coastal areas and some inland saline sites in much of the cited range, populations in the Great Lakes region are introduced where, as in S. media, highway and sidewalk salt runoff has created favorable habitats. Variety tenuis has been distinguished from var. salina by some authors as follows: cyme crowded versus lax, sepals 1.6–3.8 mm versus 2.4–5 mm, mature capsules 3–4.4 mm versus 3.6–6.4 mm, respectively. Due to the extreme overlap in morphologic features as well as geographic ranges, var. tenuis is not recognized here. The name Spergularia marina var. leiosperma (Kindberg) Gurke has been applied to plants with smooth seeds but, as pointed out by R. P. Rossbach (1940), separation of plants with smooth versus papillose seeds is not practical. Some authors believe that the correct name for this species is Spergularia marina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 22. | FNA vol. 5, p. 22. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. marina, S. marina var. tenuis, S. salina var. tenuis, S. tenuis, Tissa marina | Spergula villosa |
Name authority | J. Presl & C. Presl: Fl. ech. 95. (1819) | (Persoon) Cambessèdes: in A. St.-Hilaire et al., Fl. Bras. Merid. 2: 129. (1830) |
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