Spergularia salina |
Spergularia rubra |
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lesser sea-spurrey, salt marsh sand-spurry, salt sandspurry, salt-marsh sand-spurrey, spergulaire des arais salés |
purple sand spurry, red sand-spurrey, red sand-spurry, spergulaire rouge |
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Habit | Plants annual, delicate, 8–25(–30) cm, stipitate-glandular, at least in inflorescence. | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, delicate, 4–25 cm, stipitate-glandular in inflorescence. |
Taproots | ± slender. |
slender to ± stout. |
Stems | erect to ascending or prostrate, usually much-branched proximally; main stem 0.6–2(–3) mm diam. proximally. |
erect to ascending or prostrate, usually much-branched proximally; main stem 0.3–0.5 mm diam. proximally. |
Leaves | stipules inconspicuous, dull white, broadly triangular, 1.2–3.5 mm, longer than wide, apex acute to short-acuminate; blade linear, (0.8–)1.5–4 cm, fleshy, apex blunt to apiculate; axillary leaf clusters usually absent. |
stipules conspicuous, shiny white, lanceolate, 3.5–5 mm, apex long-acuminate; blade filiform to linear, 0.4–1.5 cm, scarcely fleshy, apex apiculate to spine-tipped; axillary leaves 2–4+ per cluster. |
Pedicels | reflexed and oriented to 1 side in fruit. |
ascending to reflexed. |
Flowers | sepals connate 0.5–1 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–4.5 mm, to 4.8 mm in fruit, margins 0.1–0.5 mm wide, apex acute to rounded; petals white or pink to rosy, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 0.8–1 times as long as sepals; stamens (1–)2–3(–5); styles 0.4–0.7 mm. |
sepals connate 0.5–0.7 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, lanceolate, (2–)2.5–3.2 mm, to 4 mm in fruit, margins 0.1–0.3 mm wide, apex obtuse to acute; petals pink, obovate to ovate, 0.9–1 times as long as sepals; stamens 6–10; styles 0.6–0.8 mm. |
Capsules | greenish to tan, 2.8–6.4 mm, 1–1.5 times as long as sepals. |
greenish to tan, 3.5–5 mm, 1–1.2 times as long as sepals. |
Seeds | light brown to reddish brown, with submarginal groove, broadly ovate, ± plump, 0.5–0.7(–0.8) mm, dull, ± smooth, often with gland-tipped papillae (30x); wing usually absent or incomplete. |
red-brown to dark brown, with submarginal groove, broadly ovate or ± truncate, angular at broad end, plump, 0.4–0.6 mm, sculpturing of parallel, wavy lines, margins with peglike papillae (30x); wing absent. |
Cymes | simple to 3+-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. |
simple to 3+-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. |
2n | = 18? (Asia), 36 (Europe). |
= 18, 27, 36, 54 (all Europe). |
Spergularia salina |
Spergularia rubra |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Mud flats, alkaline fields, sandy river bottoms, sandy coasts, salt marshes, saline highway edges (Great Lakes region) | Open forests, gravelly glades, meadows, mud flats, roadsides, disturbed places |
Elevation | 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft) | 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Eurasia; almost cosmopolitan via introduction [Introduced and native]
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AK; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; YT; SPM; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced in South America, Australia]
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Discussion | While Spergularia salina may be native in coastal areas and some inland saline sites in much of the cited range, populations in the Great Lakes region are introduced where, as in S. media, highway and sidewalk salt runoff has created favorable habitats. Variety tenuis has been distinguished from var. salina by some authors as follows: cyme crowded versus lax, sepals 1.6–3.8 mm versus 2.4–5 mm, mature capsules 3–4.4 mm versus 3.6–6.4 mm, respectively. Due to the extreme overlap in morphologic features as well as geographic ranges, var. tenuis is not recognized here. The name Spergularia marina var. leiosperma (Kindberg) Gurke has been applied to plants with smooth seeds but, as pointed out by R. P. Rossbach (1940), separation of plants with smooth versus papillose seeds is not practical. Some authors believe that the correct name for this species is Spergularia marina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Spergularia rubra was collected in 1901 on ballast in Alabama (Mohr, DS), the only record in the southeastern United States. It is the most widely distributed Spergularia species found outside of saline areas in the flora and has been in North America since at least the 1860s. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 22. | FNA vol. 5, p. 19. |
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. marina, S. marina var. tenuis, S. salina var. tenuis, S. tenuis, Tissa marina | Arenaria rubra, Tissa rubra |
Name authority | J. Presl & C. Presl: Fl. ech. 95. (1819) | (Linnaeus) J. Presl & C. Presl: Fl. ech. 94. 1819 |
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