Spergularia macrotheca |
Spergularia salina |
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beach sand-spurrey, beach sand-spurry, sticky sand spurry, sticky sand-spurrey |
lesser sea-spurrey, salt marsh sand-spurry, salt sandspurry, salt-marsh sand-spurrey, spergulaire des arais salés |
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Habit | Plants strongly perennial with branched, woody base, stout, 5–40 cm, densely stipitate-glandular in inflorescence or throughout. | Plants annual, delicate, 8–25(–30) cm, stipitate-glandular, at least in inflorescence. | ||||||||
Taproots | becoming stout, woody. |
± slender. |
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Stems | erect or ascending to prostrate, usually branched proximally; main stem 0.8–3 mm diam. proximally. |
erect to ascending or prostrate, usually much-branched proximally; main stem 0.6–2(–3) mm diam. proximally. |
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Leaves | stipules conspicuous, dull white to tan, narrowly triangular, 4.5–11 mm, apex long-acuminate; blade linear, (0.6–)1–5.5 cm, fleshy, apex apiculate to spine-tipped; axillary leaves 1–2+ per cluster. |
stipules inconspicuous, dull white, broadly triangular, 1.2–3.5 mm, longer than wide, apex acute to short-acuminate; blade linear, (0.8–)1.5–4 cm, fleshy, apex blunt to apiculate; axillary leaf clusters usually absent. |
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Pedicels | erect, divergent, or reflexed in fruit. |
reflexed and oriented to 1 side in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals connate 0.5–1.8 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, ovate to lanceolate, 4.5–7 mm, to 8 mm in fruit, margins 0.3–0.7 mm wide, apex blunt to rounded; petals white or pink to rosy, elliptic to obovate, 0.9–1.3 times as long as sepals in flower; stamens 9–10; styles 0.6–3 mm. |
sepals connate 0.5–1 mm proximally, lobes often 3-veined, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–4.5 mm, to 4.8 mm in fruit, margins 0.1–0.5 mm wide, apex acute to rounded; petals white or pink to rosy, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 0.8–1 times as long as sepals; stamens (1–)2–3(–5); styles 0.4–0.7 mm. |
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Capsules | tan, 4.6–10 mm, 0.8–1.4 times as long as sepals. |
greenish to tan, 2.8–6.4 mm, 1–1.5 times as long as sepals. |
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Seeds | ± red-brown, often with submarginal groove or depression, suborbiculate to pyriform, compressed, (0.6–)0.7–1.2 mm, smooth to faintly or prominently tuberculate or sculpturing of parallel, wavy lines or of low, rounded mounds, not papillate; wing absent or white to reddish brown proximally, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, margins irregular. |
light brown to reddish brown, with submarginal groove, broadly ovate, ± plump, 0.5–0.7(–0.8) mm, dull, ± smooth, often with gland-tipped papillae (30x); wing usually absent or incomplete. |
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Cymes | simple to 3-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. |
simple to 3+-compound or flowers solitary and axillary. |
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2n | = 18? (Asia), 36 (Europe). |
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Spergularia macrotheca |
Spergularia salina |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Mud flats, alkaline fields, sandy river bottoms, sandy coasts, salt marshes, saline highway edges (Great Lakes region) | |||||||||
Elevation | 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; including nw Mexico
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AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Eurasia; almost cosmopolitan via introduction [Introduced and native]
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
While Spergularia salina may be native in coastal areas and some inland saline sites in much of the cited range, populations in the Great Lakes region are introduced where, as in S. media, highway and sidewalk salt runoff has created favorable habitats. Variety tenuis has been distinguished from var. salina by some authors as follows: cyme crowded versus lax, sepals 1.6–3.8 mm versus 2.4–5 mm, mature capsules 3–4.4 mm versus 3.6–6.4 mm, respectively. Due to the extreme overlap in morphologic features as well as geographic ranges, var. tenuis is not recognized here. The name Spergularia marina var. leiosperma (Kindberg) Gurke has been applied to plants with smooth seeds but, as pointed out by R. P. Rossbach (1940), separation of plants with smooth versus papillose seeds is not practical. Some authors believe that the correct name for this species is Spergularia marina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 18. | FNA vol. 5, p. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Polycarpoideae > Spergularia | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Arenaria macrotheca | S. marina, S. marina var. tenuis, S. salina var. tenuis, S. tenuis, Tissa marina | ||||||||
Name authority | (Hornemann ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Heynhold: Alph. Aufz. Gew. 689. (1846) | J. Presl & C. Presl: Fl. ech. 95. (1819) | ||||||||
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