Sorbus aucuparia |
Sorbus sect. Sorbus |
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European mountain-ash, rowan, rowan-berry, sorbier des oiseaux, sorbier des oiseleurs |
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Habit | Trees, 60–150 dm. | |
Stems | 1–3(or 4); bark gray to bronze; winter buds purple, ovoid to ovoid-conic, 5–15 mm, dull, not glutinous, usually densely villous, hairs whitish, rarely rufous, outer scales sometimes merely ciliate. |
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Leaves | pinnately compound; stipules deciduous or persistent, whitish-villous or glabrate; blade paler or often whitish abaxially, dull green to bluish green adaxially, leaflets 11–17(–19), opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, (2.5–)3–6(–7.5) × 1.5–2 cm, l/w ratio 2.4–3.7, margins serrate at least in distal 1/2, often almost to base, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface white-tomentose to villous at flowering, indument often persisting, at least along midveins, leaflet axils, and petiole bases, hairs usually whitish, sometimes rufous. |
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Leaflets | minutely, densely papillose abaxially (at 70x ), not glaucous adaxially. |
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Panicles | 75–200+-flowered, flat-topped or rounded, 6–18 cm diam.; peduncles ± whitish-villous. |
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Pedicels | densely whitish-villous. |
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Flowers | 8–11 mm diam.; hypanthium densely villous, hairs whitish, hypanthium plus sepals 2.9–3.2 mm; sepals 0.5–1 mm, margins often glandular; petals white, orbiculate, (3–)4–5 mm; stamens 15–20; carpels 1/2 adnate to hypanthium, apex conic, styles 3 or 4, 1.5–3 mm. |
perianth and androecium semiepigynous. |
Infructescences | glabrous or densely villous. |
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Pomes | yellow or orange-red to red, globose to subglobose, 8–12 mm diam., shiny or dull, slightly glaucous or not; sepals inconspicuous, incurved. |
red to orange; sepals persistent; carpels distinct in distal 1/2, apex convex. |
Seeds | brown, ovoid to ovoid-lanceoloid, 3–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, asymmetric, slightly flattened. |
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Winter | buds ovoid to ovoid-conic, dull, not glaucous, not glutinous, densely hairy, hairs usually whitish, rarely rufous. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Sorbus aucuparia |
Sorbus sect. Sorbus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring; fruiting fall. | |
Habitat | Thickets, roadsides, woods, other habitats near towns, scattered in remote natural settings | |
Elevation | 0–2100 m (0–6900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Eurasia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Madeira) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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Eurasia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Madeira) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)] |
Discussion | Sorbus aucuparia is a commonly planted ornamental tree that is widely bird-disseminated. The species is often confused with S. decora, from which it differs by its ovoid and usually densely whitish-villous and nonglutinous winter buds and by its densely villous flowering pedicels and hypanthia. The leaflets of S. aucuparia are often tomentose abaxially at flowering; those of S. decora are glabrous or sparsely villous. Examination of leaflet serration is also useful; S. decora exhibits a prolonged apical tooth; it is no longer than the lateral ones in S. aucuparia. The lateral teeth are relatively finer and sharper in S. decora compared to those of S. aucuparia. At a magnification of at least 70× , leaflets of S. aucuparia are reportedly minutely papillose abaxially; those of S. decora are not papillose (H. A. McAllister 2005). Natural hybrids with S. decora have been reported by G. N. Jones (1939) (one fruiting specimen found near Opeongo Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario), with Aronia arbutifolia [x\Sorbaronia hybrida (Moench) C. K. Schneider; synonyms A. hybrida (Moench) Zabel, Sorbus spuria Persoon] in Truro, Nova Scotia, and also in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont (D. W. Magee and H. A. Ahles 1999), and with A. melanocarpa (x\Sorbaronia fallax C. K. Schneider) in Maine and Massachusetts. Other nothospecies names for putative intergeneric hybrids involving S. aucuparia include: ×Crataegosorbus miczurinii Pojarkova (Crataegus sanguinea Pallas × S. aucuparia), and ×Sorbocotoneaster pozdnjakovii Pojarkova (Cotoneaster melanocarpus (Ledebour) Loddiges, G. Loddiges & W. Loddiges ex M. Roemer × S. aucuparia [as S. sibirica Hedlund]). Subspecies of Sorbus aucuparia were recognized by McAllister; the authors made no attempt to identify specimens infraspecifically. Sorbus subvestita Greene is variably considered to be a synonym of S. aucuparia (Jones) or S. decora (M. L. Fernald 1950; H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991). However, Jones explicitly cited the isotype of S. subvestita in his specimen citation for S. aucuparia along with an acknowledgement of the confusion with S. decora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 4 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 438. | FNA vol. 9, p. 437. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Sorbus > subg. Sorbus > sect. Sorbus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Sorbus > subg. Sorbus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Pyrus aucuparia, S. subvestita | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 477. (1753) | unknown |
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