Solidago velutina |
Solidago verna |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
California goldenrod, three-nerve goldenrod, velvety goldenrod |
spring-flowering goldenrod |
|||||
Habit | Plants (forming diffuse clones) 15–80 (–150) cm; rhizomes creeping, slender. | Plants 50–120 cm; caudices branching, woody. | ||||
Stems | 1 (at ends of rhizomes), ascending to erect, glabrate proximally to sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent distally. |
1, ascending-erect, softly short villous. |
||||
Leaves | basal and proximal cauline often persisting to flowering, gradually tapering to winged petioles, blades linear oblanceolate to oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 50–120 × 8–30 mm, proximalmost much smaller, margins entire to sharply serrate, faces glabrate to moderately scabroso-strigose; mid and distal cauline sessile or subsessille, blades elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 10–50 × 3–12 mm, mid tapering to bases, somewhat to strongly 3-nerved, largest, usually much reduced distally, margins entire or sometimes distally serrate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent, sometimes softly so. |
basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate petioles (petioles 1/2+ leaf length), blades broadly ovate (or subcordate) to elliptic, 50–100(–160) × 30–40 mm, margins shallowly serrate-crenate, apices acute to obtuse, soft short-villous; mid and distal cauline subpetiolate or sessile, blades ovate to elliptic, 20–40 × 5–15 mm, greatly reduced, becoming narrowly elliptic. |
||||
Peduncles | 1–6 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; bracteoles 0–5, sometimes clustered near to and grading into phyllaries, linear-lanceolate. |
slender. |
||||
Involucres | campanulate, 3.5–6 mm. |
campanulate, 4–5 mm. |
||||
Ray florets | 6–12; laminae 2.9–6.3 × 0.3–0.7(–1) mm. |
usually 7–12; laminae 3–6 × 1.5–2 mm. |
||||
Disc florets | 5–17; corollas 3.5–6 mm, lobes 0.8–1.7 mm. |
usually 14–27; corolla tubes 4 mm, lobes 0.8–1 mm. |
||||
Phyllaries | in 3–5 series, lanceolate to oblong, strongly unequal, acute or sometimes obtuse, glabrous or sparsely strigillose. |
in 3–4 series, broadly lanceolate, unequal, glabrate or sparsely short-strigose. |
||||
Heads | (2–)30–500, in narrow to broad, thyrsiform to secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, secund, congested to lax. |
50–100, in paniculiform arrays, proximal branches obscurely to evidently recurved-secund. |
||||
Cypselae | 0.7–2.7 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; pappi 2.5–4.7 mm. |
1.5–2.5, sparsely strigose; pappi ± 3 mm (shorter than corollas). |
||||
2n | = 18. |
|||||
Solidago velutina |
Solidago verna |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, fields, dry bogs, roadsides of coastal plain | |||||
Elevation | 10–70 m (0–200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; TX; WY; Mexico
|
NC; SC |
||||
Discussion | Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). G. L. Nesom (1993b) merged Solidago californica, S. sparsiflora, and S. velutina without recognizing any infraspecific taxa, as did A. Cronquist (1994). J. C. Semple et al. (1990) compared S. californica and S. sparsiflora to S. nemoralis and found that all three are significantly different in a multivariate analysis. Evidence for separating the two subspecies of S. nemoralis was greater than the support for separating S. californica and S. sparsiflora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago verna is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 160. | FNA vol. 20, p. 133. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster velutinus | Aster vernus | ||||
Name authority | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 332. (1836) | M. A. Curtis ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 205. (1842) | ||||
Web links |