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California goldenrod, three-nerve goldenrod, velvety goldenrod

Julia's goldenrod

Habit Plants (forming diffuse clones) 15–80 (–150) cm; rhizomes creeping, slender. Plants (50–)100–250 cm; rhizomes short.
Stems

1 (at ends of rhizomes), ascending to erect, glabrate proximally to sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent distally.

1–5, densely, evenly villoso-tomentose (hairs white, thin, crisped).

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline often persisting to flowering, gradually tapering to winged petioles, blades linear oblanceolate to oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 50–120 × 8–30 mm, proximalmost much smaller, margins entire to sharply serrate, faces glabrate to moderately scabroso-strigose;

mid and distal cauline sessile or subsessille, blades elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 10–50 × 3–12 mm, mid tapering to bases, somewhat to strongly 3-nerved, largest, usually much reduced distally, margins entire or sometimes distally serrate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent, sometimes softly so.

basal 0;

mid and distal cauline lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 3-nerved, 50–80(–120) × 5–10(–12) mm, reduced distally to 10–20 mm, margins shallowly crenate or serrate to nearly entire, faces moderately to densely short pilose (hairs somewhat ascending).

Peduncles

1–6 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose;

bracteoles 0–5, sometimes clustered near to and grading into phyllaries, linear-lanceolate.

moderately to densely villoso-strigillose, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular;

bracteoles 1–2(–4).

Involucres

campanulate, 3.5–6 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3–4 mm.

Ray florets

6–12;

laminae 2.9–6.3 × 0.3–0.7(–1) mm.

7–15;

laminae 1–2(–3) × 0.1–0.6 mm.

Disc florets

5–17;

corollas 3.5–6 mm, lobes 0.8–1.7 mm.

5–9;

corollas 2.8–3 mm, lobes 0.4–1.1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–5 series, lanceolate to oblong, strongly unequal, acute or sometimes obtuse, glabrous or sparsely strigillose.

in 3–4 series, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, strongly unequal, margins apically ciliate, glabrous, rarely outer sparsely, minutely stipitate-glandular.

Heads

(2–)30–500, in narrow to broad, thyrsiform to secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, secund, congested to lax.

80–950, secund, in narrowly pyramidal paniculiform arrays, 3–4 times as long as wide, branches spreading and slightly secund, bracts linear-lanceolate, 3–6 mm.

Cypselae

0.7–2.7 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose;

pappi 2.5–4.7 mm.

(narrowly obconic) 1.4–1.6 mm, sparsely strigillose;

pappi ca. 3 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago velutina

Solidago juliae

Phenology Flowering Feb–Apr and Aug–Oct(–Nov).
Habitat Wet soils along streams and lake edges, in grasslands, oak and oak-pine woods
Elevation 300–1000+[–2200] m (1000–3300+[–7200] ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; TX; WY; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

G. L. Nesom (1993b) merged Solidago californica, S. sparsiflora, and S. velutina without recognizing any infraspecific taxa, as did A. Cronquist (1994). J. C. Semple et al. (1990) compared S. californica and S. sparsiflora to S. nemoralis and found that all three are significantly different in a multivariate analysis. Evidence for separating the two subspecies of S. nemoralis was greater than the support for separating S. californica and S. sparsiflora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago juliae is found on the Edwards Plateau and in Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent Mexico. G. L. Nesom (1989e) discussed its nomenclatural history and reasons for treating it as a distinct species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems and leaves sparsely strigillose; outer phyllaries glabrate; Wyoming to e California, s to Arizona and New Mexico, Mexico
subsp. sparsiflora
1. Stems and leaves moderately to densely strigillose; outer phyllaries sparsely strigillose; California and s Oregon
subsp. californica
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 160. FNA vol. 20, p. 154.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. velutina subsp. californica, S. velutina subsp. sparsiflora
Synonyms Aster velutinus S. canadensis var. canescens
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 332. (1836) G. L. Nesom: Phytologia 67: 445. (1989)
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