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noble goldenrod, showy goldenrod

squarrose goldenrod, stout goldenrod, verge d'or squarreuse

Habit Plants (30–)50–200 cm; caudices stout, woody. Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching.
Stems

1(–5), erect, glabrous proximally to strigillose in arrays.

1–5+, erect, glabrous proximal to arrays.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline (sometimes withering by flowering) tapering to winged petioles, blades lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 50–300 (including petiole) × 12–80 mm (sometimes firm), margins sharply serrate to crenate or entire, faces glabrate to sparsely strigillose;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 25–90 × 5–30 mm, gradually reduced distally, margins serrulate to entire (distally), ciliate, faces glabrous or sparsely scabroso-strigose.

basal and proximal cauline tapering quickly to long, winged ciliate-margined petioles, blades ovate, 50–200 × 20–100 mm, margins serrate;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, 30–100 × 8–35 mm, reduced distally and becoming lanceolate-ovate, margins entire, abaxially sparsely strigose along nerves.

Peduncles

1.5–3 mm, sparsely to moderately scabroso-strigillose;

bracteoles linear, grading into phyllaries, scattered along peduncles, clustered near heads.

8–10 mm.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 4–6.5 mm.

5–9 mm.

Ray florets

(2–)3–7(–9);

laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm.

10–16;

laminae 4–6.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

Disc florets

6–16;

corollas 2.5–4 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

15–30;

corollas 5–5.6 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, outer ovate, mid and inner lanceolate, (midnerves often raised and thick) apices acute to obtuse or rounded, glabrous.

(20–26) in 4–6 series, recurved, unequal, conspicuously spreading, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute to obtuse, finely strigose.

Heads

15–300+, not secund, in usually dense, sometimes open, elongate, paniculiform to thyrsiform arrays, (5–)10–45 × (2–)3–7(–12) cm;

branches strongly ascending, often racemiform.

20–200, not secund, in narrow, elongate arrays of axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, branches and peduncles hairy, leafy-bracteate proximally.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1.6–2.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3–4.5 mm.

(obconic) 1.5–2 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3–4.3 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago speciosa

Solidago squarrosa

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep.
Habitat Dry woods, fields and rocky slopes
Elevation 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DE; IN; KY; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WV; NB; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago speciosa occurs scattered throughout its range, often in small populations. Five races have been acknowledged; only three varieties appear to warrant recognition. The species is divided into two nearly allopatric subspecies. The typical subspecies includes two varieties that are sometimes difficult to distinguish and considerably overlap in their ranges. The differences in size and number of leaves and persistence of the proximal cauline leaves may be caused in part by growing conditions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves pale green, somewhat glaucous; plants 30–80 cm; e Colorado, extreme w Oklahoma, and adjacent New Mexico, disjunct in Black Hills (S. speciosa subsp. pallida)
var. pallida
1. Leaves usually dark green, not glaucous; plants usually 80–200 cm; e deciduous forest onto e prairies and oak savannas (S. speciosa subsp. speciosa)
→ 2
2. Basal leaves usually present at flowering, (20–) 28–55 mm wide, often coarsely serrate; mid cauline leaves (10–)20–28 mm wide, not crowded, not stiff, not scabrous; e UnitedStates
var. speciosa
2. Basal leaves persisting or not to flowering, 8–20 mm wide, often entire or shallowly serrate; mid cauline leaves 4–15(–20) mm wide, often crowded, usually stiff, often somewhat scabrous; w portions of deciduous forest and adjacent prairies, glade habitats further east
var. rigidiuscula
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 123. FNA vol. 20, p. 120.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. speciosa var. pallida, S. speciosa var. rigidiuscula, S. speciosa var. speciosa
Synonyms Aster speciosus Aster muehlenbergianus, S. squamosa, S. squarrosa var. ramosa
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 160. (1818) Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 79. (1813)
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