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noble goldenrod, showy goldenrod

clasping goldenrod, eared goldenrod, eared or clasping (-leaf) goldenrod

Habit Plants (30–)50–200 cm; caudices stout, woody. Plants 40–150 cm; rhizomes short, stout or caudices.
Stems

1(–5), erect, glabrous proximally to strigillose in arrays.

1(–3), ascending to erect, velutinous or loosely hirsutulous.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline (sometimes withering by flowering) tapering to winged petioles, blades lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 50–300 (including petiole) × 12–80 mm (sometimes firm), margins sharply serrate to crenate or entire, faces glabrate to sparsely strigillose;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 25–90 × 5–30 mm, gradually reduced distally, margins serrulate to entire (distally), ciliate, faces glabrous or sparsely scabroso-strigose.

basal and proximal cauline petioles winged (narrowly so in proximalmost), to 10 cm, bases flared, auriculate-clasping (at least in proximalmost), blades broadly ovate, 35–120 × 30–70 mm, bases cordate, margins serrate, adaxial faces glabrate or sparsely finely scabrous or finely strigose, abaxial pilose on nerves;

mid cauline similar to proximal, petioles shorter, broadly winged, strongly auriculate-clasping;

distal sessile, blades ovate, 20–40 × 10–20 mm, bases winged, narrowed, auriculate-clasping, becoming ovate and cordate-clasping in arrays, reduced to 10 mm.

Peduncles

1.5–3 mm, sparsely to moderately scabroso-strigillose;

bracteoles linear, grading into phyllaries, scattered along peduncles, clustered near heads.

1–3 mm;

bracteoles linear-lanceolate, minute, grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 4–6.5 mm.

campanulate, 3–4(–5) mm.

Ray florets

(2–)3–7(–9);

laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm.

1–3;

laminae 1–2 × 0.5–0.75 mm.

Disc florets

6–16;

corollas 2.5–4 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

4–8;

corollas 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, outer ovate, mid and inner lanceolate, (midnerves often raised and thick) apices acute to obtuse or rounded, glabrous.

in 2–3 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, acute to attenuate, sparsely short strigose.

Heads

15–300+, not secund, in usually dense, sometimes open, elongate, paniculiform to thyrsiform arrays, (5–)10–45 × (2–)3–7(–12) cm;

branches strongly ascending, often racemiform.

50–100, secund, in paniculiform arrays, branches relatively few, short to elongated and arching.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1.6–2.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3–4.5 mm.

2–2.5 mm, distinctly ribbed, short-strigose;

pappi ca. 2 mm (bristles in 2 weak series, shorter than cypsela bodies, inner weakly clavate).

2n

= 18.

Solidago speciosa

Solidago auriculata

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Rocky wooded slopes, alluvial soils near streams, in woods
Elevation 30–300 m (100–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago speciosa occurs scattered throughout its range, often in small populations. Five races have been acknowledged; only three varieties appear to warrant recognition. The species is divided into two nearly allopatric subspecies. The typical subspecies includes two varieties that are sometimes difficult to distinguish and considerably overlap in their ranges. The differences in size and number of leaves and persistence of the proximal cauline leaves may be caused in part by growing conditions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago auriculata was not listed for Oklahoma (C. E. Taylor and R. J. Taylor 1984).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves pale green, somewhat glaucous; plants 30–80 cm; e Colorado, extreme w Oklahoma, and adjacent New Mexico, disjunct in Black Hills (S. speciosa subsp. pallida)
var. pallida
1. Leaves usually dark green, not glaucous; plants usually 80–200 cm; e deciduous forest onto e prairies and oak savannas (S. speciosa subsp. speciosa)
→ 2
2. Basal leaves usually present at flowering, (20–) 28–55 mm wide, often coarsely serrate; mid cauline leaves (10–)20–28 mm wide, not crowded, not stiff, not scabrous; e UnitedStates
var. speciosa
2. Basal leaves persisting or not to flowering, 8–20 mm wide, often entire or shallowly serrate; mid cauline leaves 4–15(–20) mm wide, often crowded, usually stiff, often somewhat scabrous; w portions of deciduous forest and adjacent prairies, glade habitats further east
var. rigidiuscula
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 123. FNA vol. 20, p. 135.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Auriculatae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. speciosa var. pallida, S. speciosa var. rigidiuscula, S. speciosa var. speciosa
Synonyms Aster speciosus S. amplexicaulis, S. notabilis
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 160. (1818) Shuttleworth ex S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 326. (1931)
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