Solidago simplex |
Solidago tarda |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 0–180 cm, caudex or slender rhizomes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
1–5+, glabrous, sparsely strigose in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal petiolate; blades broadly elliptic to ovate, 100–350 × 60–120 mm (including petioles), bases truncate to obtuse, apices acute to acuminate, margins sharply serrate, glabrous; distal cauline blades spreading to ascending, linear-elliptic, 30–50 × 6–15 mm. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
1.5–3 mm, glabrate to moderately short hispido-strigose, bracteoles 1–5, linear-lanceolate grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
campanulate, (4.5–)5–7 mm (much exceeded by pappi). |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
4–9; laminae 4–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
9–11; corollas 4–5 mm, lobes ca. 1.5 mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 3–4 series, linear-lanceolate, strongly unequal. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
25–50+, in elongate, paniculiform arrays, proximal branches recurved-secund, sometimes elongate. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
(brown, ribs dark brown) 3 mm, sparsely short-strigose; pappi 3–4 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago tarda |
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Phenology | Flowering Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy soils in xeric places | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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AL; DE; FL; GA; MD; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago tarda requires a more xeric environment than S. arguta; it is found mostly on coastal plains. A. Cronquist (1980, citing G. H. Morton, pers. comm.) noted that some plants from northern Florida and southern Georgia had narrower, basally more tapering proximal leaves; some of those plants were tetraploid. The proper taxonomic status of those plants is uncertain. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 133. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Mackenzie ex Small: Man. S.E. Fl., 1355, 1509. (1933) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |