Solidago simplex |
Solidago simplex var. ontarioensis |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
Ontario goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants (7–)13–41(–61) cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal spatulate, acute to obtuse, margins entire-crenate to crenate; cauline (2–)4–13(–24), proximal lanceolate to narrowly spatulate, (26–)44–102(–185) × (4–)5.7–12(–21.5) mm, margins serrate; mid to distal (7.8–)10.1–60(–132) × 1–8(–15.5) mm, margins entire or finely serrate distally. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
bracteoles 1–3(–4). |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
shortest (1.4–)1.8–2.7(–3.4) mm. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
in open wandlike to congested paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
sparsely strigose. |
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2n | = 36. |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago simplex var. ontarioensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Basaltic rocks, calcareous shorelines | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | ca. 200 m (ca. 700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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MI; ON |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety ontarioensis is found on basaltic rocks on the Keweenaw Peninsula and the eastern shoreline of Lake Superior, and on calcareous shorelines of central and northern Lake Huron, the Georgian Bay islands, and the tip of Bruce Peninsula, Ontario. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 115. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles > Solidago simplex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | S. glutinosa var. ontarioensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | (G. S. Ringius) G. S. Ringius: Phytologia 70: 398. (1991) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |