Solidago simplex |
Solidago sempervirens |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
3–7 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago sempervirens |
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Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |