Solidago simplex |
Solidago macrophylla |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
large-leaf goldenrod, verge d'or à grandes feuilles |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 20–105 cm; rhizomes short, thick, woody. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
usually 1, erect, strigose in arrays. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal and proximal cauline narrowing abruptly to elongated petioles, blades spatulate to lanceolate or ovate, 60–120(–150) × 14–45(–65) mm, gradually reduced distally, margins serrate (teeth 4–17), abaxial faces glabrous, glabrous or hairy along nerves, adaxial glabrous or sparsely strigose; mid to distal cauline petiolate to sessile, abruptly to gradually tapering to short broadly winged petiole-like bases, blades lanceolate, 22–46(–57) × 8–20(–29) mm, bases rounded, margins entire to slightly serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
5–25 mm, densely short hispido-strigose; bracteoles 0–3, linear. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
campanulate, (8.6–)9.5–11.5(–12.5) mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
7–13; laminae (4–)4.5–6.5 × 1–2 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
14–29; corollas (4.4–)5–6 mm; lobes 1–2 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 2–3 series, sometimes weakly unequal, glabrate, margins ciliate; outermost ovate, 3–5(–7) mm, acuminate, innermost lanceolate, 1-nerved, tapering to rounded tip. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
2–110+ (1–10 per branch) in leafy, racemiform or short, axillary and terminal racemiform-paniculiform clusters, lateral branches erect, 4–43 cm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
(± linear-obconic) 1.4–4.4 mm, glabrous; pappi (3.7–)5–6.5(–7.3) mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 18. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Solidago simplex |
Solidago macrophylla |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly soils, rocky ledges, and outcrops, open areas in woods and thickets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
|
ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Nfld and Labr
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago ×calcicola (Fernald) Fernald (S. virgaurea Linnaeus var. calcicola Fernald) is considered to be a hybrid between S. macrophylla and possibly a member of subsect. Triplinerviae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 129. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Glomeruliflorae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster thyrsoideus, S. macrophylla var. thyrsoidea, S. mensalis, S. thyrsoidea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Banks ex Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 542. (1813) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |