Solidago simplex |
Solidago leavenworthii |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
Leavenworth's goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants (50–)100–200 cm (solitary or clustered); rhizomes creeping, elongate. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
1–10+, erect, scabroso-puberulent proximal to arrays distally, in strips proximal to leaves. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal 0; mid and distal cauline sometimes numerous (75+), somewhat crowded, sessile, blades (dark green) linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 25–150 × 2–15 mm, margins serrate to entire, scabroso-ciliate, 3-nerved, faces glabrous or with short hairs in lines along nerves. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
1–5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose; bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
10–15; laminae 2–3 × 0.1–0.6 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
6–10; corollas 3–4 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal (greenish), outer lanceolate, inner oblong-lanceolate, margins ciliate-fimbriate apically, midnerves swollen apically, apices obtuse to rounded, glabrous. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
50–350, in secund, usually elongate, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved and secund. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigillose; pappi 2.5–3 mm. |
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2n | = 18, 36, 54. |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago leavenworthii |
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Phenology | Flowering Nov–Dec. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Wet soils, thickets, edges of bogs, coastal plain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–40 m (0–100 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago leavenworthii replaces S. gigantea on the southern, outer Atlantic coastal plain and into Florida. The leaves of S. leavenworthii usually have fewer, smaller serrations than those of S. gigantea, and they have a distinctive dark, somewhat olive green color. The pyramidal array of S. leavenworthii is usually much narrower and elongate while that of S. gigantea is usually broad and not elongate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 157. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Aster leavenworthii | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 223. (1842) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |