Solidago simplex |
Solidago erecta |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
showy goldenrod, slender goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 30–120 cm; caudices erect, branched, thick. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
usually single, erect, essentially glabrous basally to hispidulo-puberulent in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles (quickly reduced distally on stems), blades broadly oblanceolate to obovate, 40–150 × 15–50 mm, margins serrate, finely ciliate, apices acute to obtuse, faces glabrous; mid and distal cauline sessile, blades linear-elliptic, 5–50 × 2–10 mm, margins entire, finely ciliate. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
1–3 mm. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3.5–6.5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
5–9; laminae 2.5–3.5 × 0.7–1 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
commonly 6–10; corollas 4 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 3–5 series, appressed, strongly unequal, outer ovate, inner broadly oblong, obtuse to rounded, glabrous. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
15–350 (1–10 per branch), clustered on short divergent lateral branches in elongate and usually narrowly paniculiform arrays, often interrupted proximally, not secund, sometimes with ascending, straight or arching, elongate branches (like main axis). |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
(tan) ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 3 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago erecta |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry woods, disturbed open soils, road embankments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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AL; CT; DE; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago erecta is mostly absent from the coastal plain in the southeastern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 121. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | S. porteri, S. speciosa var. erecta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Banks ex Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 542. (1813) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |