Solidago simplex |
Solidago delicatula |
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alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
smooth elm-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 40–120 cm; caudices compact, branching, woody. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
1–10+, essentially glabrous. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
basal and proximal cauline tapering to short petioles, blades oblanceolate, 50–70 × 10–20 mm, margins serrate, scabroso-strigose, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous; mid and distal cauline subpetiolate or sessile, blades elliptic-lanceolate, 30–70 × 7–15 mm, gradually reduced distally, tapering to bases, margins serrate, scabroso-strigose; branch leaves similar, reduced to bracts distally. |
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Peduncles | 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
2–5 mm, bracteolate, glabrous; bracteoles grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
1–4; laminae 1–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
4–6; corollas 2.5 mm, lobes 1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
in 3–4 series, linear-lanceolate, strongly unequal, acute to ± attenuate, glabrous. |
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Heads | 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
160–480 in paniculiform arrays, with a strongly secund, primary, arching axis and nearly always 4–5(–8) leafy, elongate, arching, secund, proximal branches. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
1.5–2 mm (6–9 ribs), sparsely strigose, more so apically; pappi 1.5–2 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago simplex |
Solidago delicatula |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy and alluvial soils, dry open woods, banks of shaded creeks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 40–300 m (100–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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AR; KS; OK; TX |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago delicatula is similar to S. ulmifolia, but is essentially glabrous (except for leaf margins) with smaller, more numerous, less conspicuously veiny leaves. It is sufficiently distinct from S. ulmifolia that inclusion in that species as var. microphylla does not appear warranted. Reports from Alabama, western Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi are likely just smaller-leaved S. ulmifolia. Solidago helleri Small may be a hybrid between S. delicatula and S. ulmifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | FNA vol. 20, p. 145. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Venosae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | S. microphylla, S. ulmifolia var. microphylla | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 474. (1898) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |