Solidago sempervirens
Solidago verna
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
spring-flowering goldenrod
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1, ascending-erect, softly short villous.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate petioles (petioles 1/2+ leaf length), blades broadly ovate (or subcordate) to elliptic, 50–100(–160) × 30–40 mm, margins shallowly serrate-crenate, apices acute to obtuse, soft short-villous;
mid and distal cauline subpetiolate or sessile, blades ovate to elliptic, 20–40 × 5–15 mm, greatly reduced, becoming narrowly elliptic.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
slender.
3–7 mm.
campanulate, 4–5 mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
usually 7–12;
laminae 3–6 × 1.5–2 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
usually 14–27;
corolla tubes 4 mm, lobes 0.8–1 mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
in 3–4 series, broadly lanceolate, unequal, glabrate or sparsely short-strigose.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
50–100, in paniculiform arrays, proximal branches obscurely to evidently recurved-secund.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
1.5–2.5, sparsely strigose;
pappi ± 3 mm (shorter than corollas).
= 18.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago verna
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Solidago verna is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
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