Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago ulmifolia |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
elm-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 40–120 cm; caudices branching, woody. | ||||||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
usually 1, erect, glabrous, sparsely hairy in arrays. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal when present similar to proximal cauline; proximal cauline often withering by flowering, tapering (sometimes rather abruptly) to short, winged petioles, blades ovate-lanceolate, 60–100(–150) × 30–40(–50) mm, thin, margins coarsely serrate, apices acute, abaxial faces hirsute on main nerves, adaxial sparsely hirsute to somewhat scabrous; mid to distal cauline subsessile to sessile, blades lanceolate, 20–50 × 5–20 mm, gradually reduced distally, margins entire. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1.7–2 mm, sparsely to moderately short hispido-strigose, bracteoles 2–7, ovate, grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
3–4 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
3–6; laminae 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
4–7; corollas 2.7–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1.1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
(16–18) in 2–3 series, unequal; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-lanceolate, obtuse to acute. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
20–150, secund, in open paniculiform arrays, proximal branches elongate and widely divergent, sometimes pyramidal-secund with proximal branches short and recurved-secund. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
1–1.6 mm, finely hairy; pappi ± 2.5 mm. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago ulmifolia |
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Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago helleri is possibly a hybrid of S. ulmifolia with S. delicatula. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 144. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Venosae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | Aster ulmifolius | ||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 2060. (1803) | ||||||||
Web links |